AMC8 2020
AMC8 2020 · Q19
AMC8 2020 · Q19. It mainly tests Fractions, Basic counting (rules of product/sum).
A number is called flippy if its digits alternate between two distinct digits. For example, $2020$ and $37373$ are flippy, but $3883$ and $123123$ are not. How many five-digit flippy numbers are divisible by $15?$
如果一个数的数字在两个不同的数字之间交替出现,则称其为翻转数。例如,$2020$ 和 $37373$ 是翻转数,但 $3883$ 和 $123123$ 不是。多少个五位翻转数能被 $15$ 整除?
(A)
3
3
(B)
4
4
(C)
5
5
(D)
6
6
(E)
8
8
Answer
Correct choice: (B)
正确答案:(B)
Solution
A number is divisible by $15$ precisely if it is divisible by $3$ and $5$. The latter means the last digit must be either $5$ or $0$, and the former means the sum of the digits must be divisible by $3$. If the last digit is $0$, the first digit would be $0$ (because the digits alternate), which is not possible. Hence the last digit must be $5$, and the number is of the form $5\square 5\square 5$. If the unknown digit is $x$, we deduce $5+x+5+x+5 \equiv 0 \pmod{3} \Rightarrow 2x \equiv 0 \pmod{3}$. We know $2^{-1}$ exists modulo $3$ because 2 is relatively prime to 3, so we conclude that $x$ (i.e. the second and fourth digit of the number) must be a multiple of $3$. It can be $0$, $3$, $6$, or $9$, so there are $\boxed{\textbf{(B) }4}$ options: $50505$, $53535$, $56565$, and $59595$.
一个数能被 $15$ 整除当且仅当它能被 $3$ 和 $5$ 整除。后者意味着最后一位数字必须是 $5$ 或 $0$,前者意味着数字和必须能被 $3$ 整除。如果最后一位是 $0$,则首数字会是 $0$(因为数字交替),这是不可能的。因此最后一位必须是 $5$,数的形式是 $5\square 5\square 5$。设未知数字是 $x$,我们得到 $5+x+5+x+5 \equiv 0 \pmod{3} \Rightarrow 2x \equiv 0 \pmod{3}$。我们知道 $2$ 与 $3$ 互素,所以 $2^{-1}$ 模 $3$ 存在,从而 $x$(即数的第二和第四位数字)必须是 $3$ 的倍数。它可以是 $0$、$3$、$6$ 或 $9$,所以有 $\boxed{\textbf{(B) }4}$ 个选项:$50505$、$53535$、$56565$ 和 $59595$。
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