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AMC12 2014 A

AMC12 2014 A · Q18

AMC12 2014 A · Q18. It mainly tests Logarithms (rare).

The domain of the function $f(x)=\log_{\frac12}(\log_4(\log_{\frac14}(\log_{16}(\log_{\frac1{16}}x))))$ is an interval of length $\tfrac mn$, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. What is $m+n$?
函数$f(x)=\log_{\frac12}(\log_4(\log_{\frac14}(\log_{16}(\log_{\frac1{16}}x))))$的定义域是一个长度为$\tfrac mn$的区间,其中$m$和$n$互质正整数。$m+n$是多少?
(A) 19 19
(B) 31 31
(C) 271 271
(D) 319 319
(E) 511\qquad 511\qquad
Answer
Correct choice: (C)
正确答案:(C)
Solution
For all real numbers $a,b,$ and $c$ such that $b>0$ and $b\neq1,$ note that: 1. $\log_b a$ is defined if and only if $a>0.$ 2. For $0<b<1,$ we conclude that: $\log_b a<c$ if and only if $a>b^c.$ $\log_b a>c$ if and only if $0<a<b^c.$ For $b>1,$ we conclude that: $\log_b a<c$ if and only if $0<a<b^c.$ $\log_b a>c$ if and only if $a>b^c.$ Therefore, we have \begin{align*} \log_{\frac12}(\log_4(\log_{\frac14}(\log_{16}(\log_{\frac1{16}}x)))) \text{ is defined} &\implies \log_4(\log_{\frac14}(\log_{16}(\log_{\frac1{16}}x)))>0 \\ &\implies \log_{\frac14}(\log_{16}(\log_{\frac1{16}}x))>1 \\ &\implies 0<\log_{16}(\log_{\frac1{16}}x)<\frac14 \\ &\implies 1<\log_{\frac1{16}}x<2 \\ &\implies \frac{1}{256}<x<\frac{1}{16}. \end{align*} The domain of $f(x)$ is an interval of length $\frac{1}{16}-\frac{1}{256}=\frac{15}{256},$ from which the answer is $15+256=\boxed{\textbf{(C) }271}.$
对于所有实数$a,b$和$c$,使得$b>0$且$b\neq1$,注意: 1. $\log_b a$定义当且仅当$a>0$。 2. 对于$0<b<1$,我们得出: $\log_b a<c$当且仅当$a>b^c$。 $\log_b a>c$当且仅当$0<a<b^c$。 对于$b>1$,我们得出: $\log_b a<c$当且仅当$0<a<b^c$。 $\log_b a>c$当且仅当$a>b^c$。 因此,我们有 \begin{align*} \log_{\frac12}(\log_4(\log_{\frac14}(\log_{16}(\log_{\frac1{16}}x)))) \text{ 是定义的} &\implies \log_4(\log_{\frac14}(\log_{16}(\log_{\frac1{16}}x)))>0 \\ &\implies \log_{\frac14}(\log_{16}(\log_{\frac1{16}}x))>1 \\ &\implies 0<\log_{16}(\log_{\frac1{16}}x)<\frac14 \\ &\implies 1<\log_{\frac1{16}}x<2 \\ &\implies \frac{1}{256}<x<\frac{1}{16}. \end{align*} $f(x)$的定义域是一个长度为$\frac{1}{16}-\frac{1}{256}=\frac{15}{256}$的区间,因此答案是$15+256=\boxed{\textbf{(C) }271}$。
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