AMC10 2011 B
AMC10 2011 B · Q21
AMC10 2011 B · Q21. It mainly tests Word problems (algebra), Casework.
Brian writes down four integers w > x > y > z whose sum is 44. The pairwise positive differences of these numbers are 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 9. What is the sum of the possible values for w ?
Brian 写下四个整数 $w > x > y > z$,它们的和为 44。这些数的成对正差为 1、3、4、5、6 和 9。$w$ 的可能值的和是多少?
(A)
16
16
(B)
31
31
(C)
48
48
(D)
62
62
(E)
93
93
Answer
Correct choice: (B)
正确答案:(B)
Solution
Answer (B): The largest pairwise difference is 9, so $w-z=9$. Let $n$ be either $x$ or $y$. Because $n$ is between $w$ and $z$,
$$
9=w-z=(w-n)+(n-z).
$$
Therefore the positive differences $w-n$ and $n-z$ must sum to 9. The given pairwise differences that sum to 9 are $3+6$ and $4+5$. The remaining pairwise difference must be $x-y=1$.
The second largest pairwise difference is 6, so either $w-y=6$ or $x-z=6$. In the first case the set of four numbers may be expressed as $\{w,w-5,w-6,w-9\}$. Hence $4w-20=44$, so $w=16$. In the second case $w-x=3$, and the four numbers may be expressed as $\{w,w-3,w-4,w-9\}$. Therefore $4w-16=44$, so $w=15$. The sum of the possible values for $w$ is $16+15=31$.
Note: The possible sets of four numbers are $\{16,11,10,7\}$ and $\{15,12,11,6\}$.
答案(B):最大的两两差为 9,所以 $w-z=9$。令 $n$ 为 $x$ 或 $y$。因为 $n$ 位于 $w$ 与 $z$ 之间,
$$
9=w-z=(w-n)+(n-z)。
$$
因此正差 $w-n$ 与 $n-z$ 的和必须为 9。题目给出的两两差中,能凑成 9 的是 $3+6$ 与 $4+5$。剩下的一组两两差必为 $x-y=1$。
第二大的两两差为 6,所以要么 $w-y=6$,要么 $x-z=6$。第一种情况,四个数可表示为 $\{w,w-5,w-6,w-9\}$。于是 $4w-20=44$,得 $w=16$。第二种情况,$w-x=3$,四个数可表示为 $\{w,w-3,w-4,w-9\}$。因此 $4w-16=44$,得 $w=15$。$w$ 的可能取值之和为 $16+15=31$。
注:四个数的可能集合为 $\{16,11,10,7\}$ 和 $\{15,12,11,6\}$。
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