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AMC8 2015

AMC8 2015 · Q11

AMC8 2015 · Q11. It mainly tests Basic counting (rules of product/sum), Probability (basic).

In the small country of Mathland, all automobile license plates have four symbols. The first must be a vowel (A, E, I, O, or U), the second and third must be two different letters among the 21 non-vowels, and the fourth must be a digit (0 through 9). If the symbols are chosen at random subject to these conditions, what is the probability that the plate will read "AMCS"?
在数学乐园这个小国,所有汽车车牌都有四个符号。第一个必须是元音(A、E、I、O 或 U),第二和第三个必须是21个非元音字母中的两个不同字母,第四个必须是数字(0 到 9)。如果这些符号是按照这些条件随机选择的,那么车牌显示“AMCS”的概率是多少?
(A) $\frac{1}{22,050}$ $\frac{1}{22050}$
(B) $\frac{1}{21,000}$ $\frac{1}{21000}$
(C) $\frac{1}{10,500}$ $\frac{1}{10500}$
(D) $\frac{1}{2,100}$ $\frac{1}{2100}$
(E) $\frac{1}{1,050}$ $\frac{1}{1050}$
Answer
Correct choice: (B)
正确答案:(B)
Solution
Answer (B): The first symbol can be any of the 5 vowels, the second can be any of the 21 consonants, the third can be any of the 20 other consonants, and the fourth can be any of the 10 digits. The total number of possible license plates is $5\cdot21\cdot20\cdot10=21{,}000$. Only one plate will read "AMC8", so the probability is $\frac{1}{21{,}000}$.
答案(B):第一个符号可以是5个元音中的任意一个,第二个可以是21个辅音中的任意一个,第三个可以是剩下20个辅音中的任意一个,第四个可以是10个数字中的任意一个。可能的车牌总数为 $5\cdot 21\cdot 20\cdot 10=21{,}000$。只有一个车牌会是“AMC8”,因此所求概率为 $\frac{1}{21{,}000}$。
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