AMC12 2017 A
AMC12 2017 A · Q18
AMC12 2017 A · Q18. It mainly tests Digit properties (sum of digits, divisibility tests), Inequalities with integers (floor/ceiling basics).
Let $S(n)$ equal the sum of the digits of positive integer $n$. For example, $S(1507) = 13$. For a particular positive integer $n$, $S(n) = 1274$. Which of the following could be the value of $S(n + 1)$?
设 $S(n)$ 表示正整数 $n$ 的各位数字之和。例如,$S(1507) = 13$。对于某个正整数 $n$,有 $S(n) = 1274$。下面哪项可能是 $S(n + 1)$ 的值?
(A)
1
1
(B)
3
3
(C)
12
12
(D)
1239
1239
(E)
1265
1265
Answer
Correct choice: (D)
正确答案:(D)
Solution
Answer (D): Note that $S(n+1)=S(n)+1$ unless the numeral for $n$ ends with a 9. Moreover, if the numeral for $n$ ends with exactly $k$ 9s, then $S(n+1)=S(n)+1-9k$. Thus the possible values of $S(n+1)$ when $S(n)=1274$ are all of the form $1275-9k$, where $k\in\{0,1,2,3,\ldots,141\}$. Of the choices, only 1239 can be formed in this manner, and $S(n+1)$ will equal 1239 if, for example, $n$ consists of 4 consecutive 9s preceded by 1238 1s.
答案(D):注意,除非 $n$ 的十进制表示以 9 结尾,否则 $S(n+1)=S(n)+1$。此外,如果 $n$ 的十进制表示恰好以 $k$ 个 9 结尾,则 $S(n+1)=S(n)+1-9k$。因此,当 $S(n)=1274$ 时,$S(n+1)$ 的可能取值都形如 $1275-9k$,其中 $k\in\{0,1,2,3,\ldots,141\}$。在给出的选项中,只有 1239 能以这种方式得到;例如,当 $n$ 由 1238 个 1 后面接着 4 个连续的 9 组成时,$S(n+1)$ 就等于 1239。
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