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AMC12 2010 B

AMC12 2010 B · Q15

AMC12 2010 B · Q15. It mainly tests Complex numbers (rare), Casework.

For how many ordered triples $(x,y,z)$ of nonnegative integers less than $20$ are there exactly two distinct elements in the set $\{i^x, (1+i)^y, z\}$, where $i=\sqrt{-1}$?
有多少个由小于 $20$ 的非负整数组成的有序三元组 $(x,y,z)$,使得集合 $\{i^x, (1+i)^y, z\}$ 中恰有两种不同元素,其中 $i=\sqrt{-1}$?
(A) 149 149
(B) 205 205
(C) 215 215
(D) 225 225
(E) 235 235
Answer
Correct choice: (D)
正确答案:(D)
Solution
We have either $i^{x}=(1+i)^{y}\neq z$, $i^{x}=z\neq(1+i)^{y}$, or $(1+i)^{y}=z\neq i^x$. $i^{x}=(1+i)^{y}$ only occurs when it is $1$. $(1+i)^{y}=1$ has only one solution, namely, $y=0$. $i^{x}=1$ has five solutions between 0 and 19, $x=0, x=4, x=8, x=12$, and $x=16$. $z\neq 1$ has nineteen integer solutions between zero and nineteen. So for $i^{x}=(1+i)^{y}\neq z$, we have $5\cdot 1\cdot 19=95$ ordered triples. For $i^{x}=z\neq(1+i)^{y}$, again this only occurs at $1$. $(1+i)^{y}\neq 1$ has nineteen solutions, $i^{x}=1$ has five solutions, and $z=1$ has one solution, so again we have $5\cdot 1\cdot 19=95$ ordered triples. For $(1+i)^{y}=z\neq i^x$, this occurs at $1$ and $16$. $(1+i)^{y}=1$ and $z=1$ both have one solution while $i^{x}\neq 1$ has fifteen solutions. $(1+i)^{y}=16$ and $z=16$ both have one solution, namely, $y=8$ and $z=16$, while $i^{x}\neq 16$ has twenty solutions ($i^x$ only cycles as $1, i, -1, -i$). So we have $15\cdot 1\cdot 1+20\cdot 1\cdot 1=35$ ordered triples. In total we have ${95+95+35=\boxed{\text{(D) }225}}$ ordered triples
我们有三种情况:$i^{x}=(1+i)^{y}\neq z$,$i^{x}=z\neq(1+i)^{y}$,或 $(1+i)^{y}=z\neq i^x$。 $i^{x}=(1+i)^{y}$ 只会在它等于 $1$ 时发生。$(1+i)^{y}=1$ 只有一个解,即 $y=0$。在 $0$ 到 $19$ 之间,$i^{x}=1$ 有五个解:$x=0, x=4, x=8, x=12$ 和 $x=16$。$z\neq 1$ 在 $0$ 到 $19$ 之间有十九个整数解。因此对于 $i^{x}=(1+i)^{y}\neq z$,共有 $5\cdot 1\cdot 19=95$ 个有序三元组。 对于 $i^{x}=z\neq(1+i)^{y}$,同样只会在等于 $1$ 时发生。$(1+i)^{y}\neq 1$ 有十九个解,$i^{x}=1$ 有五个解,且 $z=1$ 有一个解,所以同样有 $5\cdot 1\cdot 19=95$ 个有序三元组。 对于 $(1+i)^{y}=z\neq i^x$,这会在 $1$ 和 $16$ 时发生。$(1+i)^{y}=1$ 与 $z=1$ 都各有一个解,而 $i^{x}\neq 1$ 有十五个解。$(1+i)^{y}=16$ 与 $z=16$ 都各有一个解,即 $y=8$ 且 $z=16$,而 $i^{x}\neq 16$ 有二十个解($i^x$ 只在 $1, i, -1, -i$ 之间循环)。因此共有 $15\cdot 1\cdot 1+20\cdot 1\cdot 1=35$ 个有序三元组。 总计有 ${95+95+35=\boxed{\text{(D) }225}}$ 个有序三元组
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