AMC12 2003 A
AMC12 2003 A · Q20
AMC12 2003 A · Q20. It mainly tests Combinations, Casework.
How many $15$-letter arrangements of $5$ A's, $5$ B's, and $5$ C's have no A's in the first $5$ letters, no B's in the next $5$ letters, and no C's in the last $5$ letters?
由 $5$ 个 A、$5$ 个 B 和 $5$ 个 C 组成的 $15$ 字母排列中,有多少个满足:前 $5$ 个字母中没有 A,接下来的 $5$ 个字母中没有 B,最后 $5$ 个字母中没有 C?
(A)
\sum_{k=0}^{5} \binom{5}{k}
\sum_{k=0}^{5} \binom{5}{k}
(B)
3^5 \cdot 2^5
3^5 \cdot 2^5
(C)
2^{15}
2^{15}
(D)
\frac{15!}{(5!)^3}
\frac{15!}{(5!)^3}
(E)
3^{15}
3^{15}
Answer
Correct choice: (A)
正确答案:(A)
Solution
The answer is $\boxed{\textrm{(A)}}$.
Note that the first five letters must be B's or C's, the next five letters must be C's or A's, and the last five letters must be A's or B's. If there are $k$ B's in the first five letters, then there must be $5-k$ C's in the first five letters, so there must be $k$ C's and $5-k$ A's in the next five letters, and $k$ A's and $5-k$ B's in the last five letters. Therefore the number of each letter in each group of five is determined completely by the number of B's in the first 5 letters, and the number of ways to arrange these 15 letters with this restriction is $\binom{5}{k}^3$ (since there are $\binom{5}{k}$ ways to arrange $k$ B's and $5-k$ C's). Therefore the answer is $\sum_{k=0}^{5}\binom{5}{k}^{3}$.
答案是 $\boxed{\textrm{(A)}}$。
注意前五个字母必须是 B 或 C,接下来的五个字母必须是 C 或 A,最后五个字母必须是 A 或 B。若前五个字母中有 $k$ 个 B,则前五个字母中必有 $5-k$ 个 C,因此接下来的五个字母中必有 $k$ 个 C 和 $5-k$ 个 A,最后五个字母中必有 $k$ 个 A 和 $5-k$ 个 B。于是,每组五个字母中各字母的数量完全由前五个字母中 B 的个数决定。在此限制下安排这 $15$ 个字母的方式数为 $\binom{5}{k}^3$(因为安排 $k$ 个 B 与 $5-k$ 个 C 有 $\binom{5}{k}$ 种方式)。因此答案为 $\sum_{k=0}^{5}\binom{5}{k}^{3}$。
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