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AMC10 2022 A

AMC10 2022 A · Q17

AMC10 2022 A · Q17. It mainly tests Fractions, Remainders & modular arithmetic.

How many three-digit positive integers $\underline{a} \ \underline{b} \ \underline{c}$ are there whose nonzero digits $a,b,$ and $c$ satisfy \[0.\overline{\underline{a}~\underline{b}~\underline{c}} = \frac{1}{3} (0.\overline{a} + 0.\overline{b} + 0.\overline{c})?\] (The bar indicates repetition, thus $0.\overline{\underline{a}~\underline{b}~\underline{c}}$ is the infinite repeating decimal $0.\underline{a}~\underline{b}~\underline{c}~\underline{a}~\underline{b}~\underline{c}~\cdots$)
有多少个三位正整数 $\underline{a} \ \underline{b} \ \underline{c}$,其非零数字 $a,b,c$ 满足 \[0.\overline{\underline{a}~\underline{b}~\underline{c}} = \frac{1}{3} (0.\overline{a} + 0.\overline{b} + 0.\overline{c})?\] (横线表示重复,因此 $0.\overline{\underline{a}~\underline{b}~\underline{c}}$ 是无限循环小数 $0.\underline{a}~\underline{b}~\underline{c}~\underline{a}~\underline{b}~\underline{c}~\cdots$)
(A) 9 9
(B) 10 10
(C) 11 11
(D) 13 13
(E) 14 14
Answer
Correct choice: (D)
正确答案:(D)
Solution
We rewrite the given equation, then rearrange: \begin{align*} \frac{100a+10b+c}{999} &= \frac13\left(\frac a9 + \frac b9 + \frac c9\right) \\ 100a+10b+c &= 37a + 37b + 37c \\ 63a &= 27b+36c \\ 7a &= 3b+4c. \end{align*} Now, this problem is equivalent to counting the ordered triples $(a,b,c)$ that satisfies the equation. Clearly, the $9$ ordered triples $(a,b,c)=(1,1,1),(2,2,2),\ldots,(9,9,9)$ are solutions to this equation. The expression $3b+4c$ has the same value when: - $b$ increases by $4$ as $c$ decreases by $3.$ - $b$ decreases by $4$ as $c$ increases by $3.$ We find $4$ more solutions from the $9$ solutions above: $(a,b,c)=(4,8,1),(5,1,8),(5,9,2),(6,2,9).$ Note that all solutions are symmetric about $(a,b,c)=(5,5,5).$ Together, we have $9+4=\boxed{\textbf{(D) } 13}$ ordered triples $(a,b,c).$
我们改写给定的方程,然后整理: \begin{align*} \frac{100a+10b+c}{999} &= \frac13\left(\frac a9 + \frac b9 + \frac c9\right) \\ 100a+10b+c &= 37a + 37b + 37c \\ 63a &= 27b+36c \\ 7a &= 3b+4c. \end{align*} 现在,这个问题等价于计数组 $(a,b,c)$ 有序三元组满足该方程。 显然,$9$ 个有序三元组 $(a,b,c)=(1,1,1),(2,2,2),\ldots,(9,9,9)$ 是该方程的解。 表达式 $3b+4c$ 在以下情况下值相同: - $b$ 增加 $4$ 时 $c$ 减少 $3$。 - $b$ 减少 $4$ 时 $c$ 增加 $3$。 我们从上述 $9$ 个解中找到 $4$ 个额外解:$(a,b,c)=(4,8,1),(5,1,8),(5,9,2),(6,2,9)$。注意所有解都关于 $(a,b,c)=(5,5,5)$ 对称。 总共有 $9+4=\boxed{\textbf{(D) } 13}$ 个有序三元组 $(a,b,c)$。
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