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AMC10 2021 A

AMC10 2021 A · Q11

AMC10 2021 A · Q11. It mainly tests Remainders & modular arithmetic, Base representation.

For which of the following integers $b$ is the base-$b$ number $2021_b - 221_b$ not divisible by $3$?
对于下列哪个整数 $b$,底数为 $b$ 的 $2021_b - 221_b$ 不能被 $3$ 整除?
(A) 3 3
(B) 4 4
(C) 6 6
(D) 7 7
(E) 8 8
Answer
Correct choice: (E)
正确答案:(E)
Solution
We have \begin{align*} 2021_b - 221_b &= (2021_b - 21_b) - (221_b - 21_b) \\ &= 2000_b - 200_b \\ &= 2b^3 - 2b^2 \\ &= 2b^2(b-1), \end{align*} which is divisible by $3$ unless $b\equiv2\pmod{3}.$ The only choice congruent to $2$ modulo $3$ is $\boxed{\textbf{(E)} ~8}.$
我们有 \begin{align*} 2021_b - 221_b &= (2021_b - 21_b) - (221_b - 21_b) \\ &= 2000_b - 200_b \\ &= 2b^3 - 2b^2 \\ &= 2b^2(b-1), \end{align*} 它能被 $3$ 整除,除非 $b\equiv2\pmod{3}$。唯一满足同余于 $2$ 模 $3$ 的选项是 $\boxed{\textbf{(E)} ~8}$。
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