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AMC10 2018 A

AMC10 2018 A · Q25

AMC10 2018 A · Q25. It mainly tests Base representation, Powers & residues.

For a positive integer n and nonzero digits a, b, and c, let \(A_n\) be the n-digit integer each of whose digits is equal to a; let \(B_n\) be the n-digit integer each of whose digits is equal to b; and let \(C_n\) be the 2n-digit (not n-digit) integer each of whose digits is equal to c. What is the greatest possible value of a + b + c for which there are at least two values of n such that \(C_n - B_n = A_n^2\)?
对于正整数 \(n\) 和非零数字 \(a, b, c\),设 \(A_n\) 为每个数字均为 \(a\) 的 \(n\) 位整数;\(B_n\) 为每个数字均为 \(b\) 的 \(n\) 位整数;\(C_n\) 为每个数字均为 \(c\) 的 \(2n\) 位(不是 \(n\) 位)整数。求存在至少两个 \(n\) 值使得 \(C_n - B_n = A_n^2\) 的最大可能 \(a + b + c\) 值?
(A) 12 12
(B) 14 14
(C) 16 16
(D) 18 18
(E) 20 20
Answer
Correct choice: (D)
正确答案:(D)
Solution
Answer (D): The equation $C_n-B_n=A_n^2$ is equivalent to $$ c\cdot\frac{10^{2n}-1}{9}-b\cdot\frac{10^n-1}{9} = a^2\left(\frac{10^n-1}{9}\right)^2. $$ Dividing by $10^n-1$ and clearing fractions yields $$ (9c-a^2)\cdot 10^n = 9b-9c-a^2. $$ As this must hold for two different values $n_1$ and $n_2$, there are two such equations, and subtracting them gives $$ (9c-a^2)\left(10^{n_1}-10^{n_2}\right)=0. $$ The second factor is non-zero, so $9c-a^2=0$ and thus $9b-9c-a^2=0$. From this it follows that $c=\left(\frac{a}{3}\right)^2$ and $b=2c$. Hence digit $a$ must be 3, 6, or 9, with corresponding values 1, 4, or 9 for $c$, and 2, 8, or 18 for $b$. The case $b=18$ is invalid, so there are just two triples of possible values for $a$, $b$, and $c$, namely $(3,2,1)$ and $(6,8,4)$. In fact, in these cases, $C_n-B_n=A_n^2$ for all positive integers $n$; for example, $4444-88=4356=66^2$. The second triple has the greater coordinate sum, $6+8+4=18$.
答案(D):等式 $C_n-B_n=A_n^2$ 等价于 $$ c\cdot\frac{10^{2n}-1}{9}-b\cdot\frac{10^n-1}{9} = a^2\left(\frac{10^n-1}{9}\right)^2. $$ 两边同除以 $10^n-1$ 并通分可得 $$ (9c-a^2)\cdot 10^n = 9b-9c-a^2. $$ 由于该式必须对两个不同的取值 $n_1$ 和 $n_2$ 都成立,因此有两条这样的等式,相减得到 $$ (9c-a^2)\left(10^{n_1}-10^{n_2}\right)=0. $$ 第二个因子不为零,因此 $9c-a^2=0$,从而也有 $9b-9c-a^2=0$。由此推出 $c=\left(\frac{a}{3}\right)^2$ 且 $b=2c$。因此数字 $a$ 必须是 3、6 或 9;对应地,$c$ 分别为 1、4 或 9,$b$ 分别为 2、8 或 18。$b=18$ 这一种不合法,所以 $(a,b,c)$ 仅有两组可能:$(3,2,1)$ 与 $(6,8,4)$。事实上,在这两种情况下,对所有正整数 $n$ 都有 $C_n-B_n=A_n^2$;例如 $4444-88=4356=66^2$。第二组的坐标和更大,为 $6+8+4=18$。
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