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AMC10 2018 A

AMC10 2018 A · Q18

AMC10 2018 A · Q18. It mainly tests Fractions, Base representation.

How many nonnegative integers can be written in the form \(a_7 \cdot 3^7 + a_6 \cdot 3^6 + a_5 \cdot 3^5 + a_4 \cdot 3^4 + a_3 \cdot 3^3 + a_2 \cdot 3^2 + a_1 \cdot 3^1 + a_0 \cdot 3^0\), where \(a_i \in \{-1, 0, 1\}\) for \(0 \le i \le 7\)?
有多少个非负整数可以写成形式 \(a_7 \cdot 3^7 + a_6 \cdot 3^6 + a_5 \cdot 3^5 + a_4 \cdot 3^4 + a_3 \cdot 3^3 + a_2 \cdot 3^2 + a_1 \cdot 3^1 + a_0 \cdot 3^0\),其中 \(a_i \in \{-1, 0, 1\}\) 对于 \(0 \le i \le 7\)?
(A) 512 512
(B) 729 729
(C) 1094 1094
(D) 3281 3281
(E) 59,048 59048
Answer
Correct choice: (D)
正确答案:(D)
Solution
Answer (D): Let $S$ be the set of integers, both negative and non-negative, having the given form. Increasing the value of $a_i$ by 1 for $0 \le i \le 7$ creates a one-to-one correspondence between $S$ and the ternary (base 3) representation of the integers from 0 through $3^8-1$, so $S$ contains $3^8=6561$ elements. One of those is 0, and by symmetry, half of the others are positive, so $S$ contains $1+\frac{1}{2}\cdot(6561-1)=3281$ elements.
答案(D):设 $S$ 为具有给定形式的整数集合,包含负整数和非负整数。对于 $0 \le i \le 7$,将 $a_i$ 的值都增加 1,会在 $S$ 与从 0 到 $3^8-1$ 的整数的三进制(以 3 为底)表示之间建立一一对应关系,因此 $S$ 含有 $3^8=6561$ 个元素。其中一个是 0。由对称性可知,其余元素中有一半为正,所以 $S$ 的元素个数为 $1+\frac{1}{2}\cdot(6561-1)=3281$。
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