AMC10 2018 A
AMC10 2018 A · Q17
AMC10 2018 A · Q17. It mainly tests Casework, Divisibility & factors.
Let S be a set of 6 integers taken from \{1, 2, ..., 12\} with the property that if a and b are elements of S with a < b, then b is not a multiple of a. What is the least possible value of an element of S?
设 S 是从集合 \{1, 2, ..., 12\} 中取的 6 个整数的集合,具有性质:如果 a 和 b 是 S 的元素且 a < b,则 b 不是 a 的倍数。S 中元素的最小可能值为多少?
(A)
2
2
(B)
3
3
(C)
4
4
(D)
5
5
(E)
7
7
Answer
Correct choice: (C)
正确答案:(C)
Solution
Answer (C): If $1 \in S$, then $S$ can have only $1$ element, not $6$ elements. If $2$ is the least element of $S$, then $2, 3, 5, 7, 9$, and $11$ are available to be in $S$, but $3$ and $9$ cannot both be in $S$, so the largest possible size of $S$ is $5$. If $3$ is the least element, then $3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10$, and $11$ are available, but at most one of $4$ and $8$ can be in $S$ and at most one of $5$ and $10$ can be in $S$, so again $S$ has size at most $5$. The set $S = \{4,6,7,9,10,11\}$ has the required property, so $4$ is the least possible element of $S$.
答案(C):如果 $1 \in S$,那么 $S$ 只能有 $1$ 个元素,而不可能有 $6$ 个元素。如果 $2$ 是 $S$ 的最小元素,那么 $2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11$ 都可以作为 $S$ 的元素,但 $3$ 和 $9$ 不能同时属于 $S$,因此 $S$ 的最大可能大小为 $5$。如果 $3$ 是最小元素,那么 $3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11$ 可选,但 $4$ 与 $8$ 至多选其一进入 $S$,且 $5$ 与 $10$ 也至多选其一进入 $S$,所以 $S$ 的大小同样至多为 $5$。集合 $S=\{4,6,7,9,10,11\}$ 满足所需性质,因此 $4$ 是 $S$ 可能的最小元素。
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