AMC10 2017 A
AMC10 2017 A · Q20
AMC10 2017 A · Q20. It mainly tests Fractions, Digit properties (sum of digits, divisibility tests).
Let \(S(n)\) equal the sum of the digits of positive integer n. For example, \(S(1507) = 13\). For a particular positive integer n, \(S(n) = 1274\). Which of the following could be the value of \(S(n + 1)\)?
令\(S(n)\)为正整数n的各位数字之和。例如,\(S(1507) = 13\)。对于某个正整数n,有\(S(n) = 1274\)。下列哪个可能是\(S(n + 1)\)的值?
(A)
1
1
(B)
3
3
(C)
12
12
(D)
1239
1239
(E)
1265
1265
Answer
Correct choice: (D)
正确答案:(D)
Solution
Answer (D): Note that $S(n+1)=S(n)+1$ unless the numeral for $n$ ends with a 9. Moreover, if the numeral for $n$ ends with exactly $k$ 9s, then $S(n+1)=S(n)+1-9k$. Thus the possible values of $S(n+1)$ when $S(n)=1274$ are all of the form $1275-9k$, where $k\in\{0,1,2,3,\ldots,141\}$. Of the choices, only 1239 can be formed in this manner, and $S(n+1)$ will equal 1239 if, for example, $n$ consists of 4 consecutive 9s preceded by 1238 1s.
The value of a positive integer is congruent to the sum of its digits modulo 9. Therefore $n\equiv S(n)=1274\equiv 5\pmod 9$, so $S(n+1)\equiv n+1\equiv 6\pmod 9$. Of the given choices, only 1239 meets this requirement.
Finally, there are $2\cdot 2\cdot 2!=8$ elements of $X\cap Y\cap Z$. Therefore $|X\cup Y\cup Z|=(48+48+48)-(12+24+24)+8=92$, and the answer is $120-92=28$.
(D)答:注意,除非 $n$ 的十进制表示以 9 结尾,否则 $S(n+1)=S(n)+1$。此外,如果 $n$ 的十进制表示恰好以 $k$ 个 9 结尾,那么 $S(n+1)=S(n)+1-9k$。因此当 $S(n)=1274$ 时,$S(n+1)$ 的可能取值都形如 $1275-9k$,其中 $k\in\{0,1,2,3,\ldots,141\}$。在给出的选项中,只有 1239 能以这种方式得到;例如,当 $n$ 由 1238 个 1 后接 4 个连续的 9 组成时,$S(n+1)$ 就等于 1239。
一个正整数与其各位数字之和在模 9 意义下同余。因此 $n\equiv S(n)=1274\equiv 5\pmod 9$,所以 $S(n+1)\equiv n+1\equiv 6\pmod 9$。在给定选项中,只有 1239 满足这一条件。
最后,$X\cap Y\cap Z$ 中有 $2\cdot 2\cdot 2!=8$ 个元素。因此
$|X\cup Y\cup Z|=(48+48+48)-(12+24+24)+8=92$,答案为 $120-92=28$。
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