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AMC10 2007 A

AMC10 2007 A · Q25

AMC10 2007 A · Q25. It mainly tests Arithmetic misc, Digit properties (sum of digits, divisibility tests).

For each positive integer $n$, let $S(n)$ denote the sum of the digits of $n$. For how many values of $n$ is $n + S(n) + S(S(n)) = 2007$?
对于每个正整数$n$,令$S(n)$表示$n$的各位数字之和。有多少个$n$满足$n + S(n) + S(S(n)) = 2007$?
(A) 1 1
(B) 2 2
(C) 3 3
(D) 4 4
(E) 5 5
Answer
Correct choice: (D)
正确答案:(D)
Solution
Answer (D): If $n\le 2007$, then $S(n)\le S(1999)=28$. If $n\le 28$, then $S(n)\le S(28)=10$. Therefore if $n$ satisfies the required condition it must also satisfy $$n\ge 2007-28-10=1969.$$ In addition, $n$, $S(n)$, and $S(S(n))$ all leave the same remainder when divided by 9. Because 2007 is a multiple of 9, it follows that $n$, $S(n)$, and $S(S(n))$ must all be multiples of 3. The required condition is satisfied by 4 multiples of 3 between 1969 and 2007, namely 1977, 1980, 1983, and 2001. Note: There appear to be many cases to check, that is, all the multiples of 3 between 1969 and 2007. However, for $1987\le n\le 1999$, we have $n+S(n)\ge 1990+19=2009$, so these numbers are eliminated. Thus we need only check 1971, 1974, 1977, 1980, 1983, 1986, 2001, and 2004.
答案(D):若 $n\le 2007$,则 $S(n)\le S(1999)=28$。若 $n\le 28$,则 $S(n)\le S(28)=10$。因此若 $n$ 满足所需条件,则还必须满足 $$n\ge 2007-28-10=1969。$$ 另外,$n$、$S(n)$ 和 $S(S(n))$ 除以 9 时的余数相同。由于 2007 是 9 的倍数,可推出 $n$、$S(n)$ 和 $S(S(n))$ 都必须是 3 的倍数。所需条件在 1969 与 2007 之间共有 4 个 3 的倍数满足,分别是 1977、1980、1983 和 2001。 注:看起来需要检查很多情况,即 1969 到 2007 之间所有 3 的倍数。然而当 $1987\le n\le 1999$ 时,有 $n+S(n)\ge 1990+19=2009$,因此这些数被排除。于是只需检查 1971、1974、1977、1980、1983、1986、2001 和 2004。
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