AMC12 2025 A
AMC12 2025 A · Q21
AMC12 2025 A · Q21. It mainly tests Polynomials, Powers & residues.
There is a unique ordered triple $(a,k,m)$ of nonnegative integers such that \[\frac{4^a + 4^{a+k}+4^{a+2k}+\cdots + 4^{a+mk}}{2^a + 2^{a+k} + 2^{a+2k}+ \cdots + 2^{a+mk}} = 964.\] What is $a+k+m$?
存在唯一的非负整数有序三元组 $(a,k,m)$ 使得
\[\frac{4^a + 4^{a+k}+4^{a+2k}+\cdots + 4^{a+mk}}{2^a + 2^{a+k} + 2^{a+2k}+ \cdots + 2^{a+mk}} = 964.\]
求 $a+k+m$?
(A)
8
8
(B)
9
9
(C)
10
10
(D)
11
11
(E)
12
12
Answer
Correct choice: (A)
正确答案:(A)
Solution
The numerator can be written as $2^{2a} +2^{2a+2k}+...+2^{2a+2mk}$, which is actually a sum of geometric series. This can be expressed as $2^{2a} \cdot \frac{1-2^{2k(m+1)}}{1-2^{2k}}$. The denominator in the same way can be expressed as $2^a \cdot \frac{1-2^{k(m+1)}}{1-2^k}$.
Doing some algebra on the top and bottom we get:
2a⋅1+2k(m+1)1+2k=964
The prime factorization of $964$ is $241 \cdot 2^2$.
Equating $2^a = 2^2$, we get $a = 2$.
Next since $241$ is a prime number we equate the latter half of the product to $241$.
1+2k(m+1)1+2k=241
Doing some algebra we get, that $2^k(2^{km}-241) = 240$
The closest power of $2$ to $241$ is $256$ which is $2^8$. So setting $km = 8$, we get $2^8-241 = 15$
$2^k(15) = 240$, $2^k = 16$, $k = 4$.
This we know that if $k = 4$, then $4m = 8$, so $m = 2$.
Finally, we conclude that $a = 2$, $m = 2$, and $k = 4$.
$4+2+2 = 8$, so the answer is $\boxed{A}$
分子可以写成 $2^{2a} +2^{2a+2k}+...+2^{2a+2mk}$,这是一个等比级数之和。可以表示为 $2^{2a} \cdot \frac{1-2^{2k(m+1)}}{1-2^{2k}}$。分母同样可以表示为 $2^a \cdot \frac{1-2^{k(m+1)}}{1-2^k}$。
对上下进行一些代数运算得到:
$\frac{2^{2a} \cdot (1-2^{2k(m+1)})}{1-2^{2k}} \div \frac{2^a \cdot (1-2^{k(m+1)})}{1-2^k} = 964$
$964$ 的质因数分解是 $241 \cdot 2^2$。
等价于 $2^a = 2^2$,得 $a = 2$。
接下来由于 $241$ 是质数,将后半部分等同于 $241$。
$\frac{1-2^{2k(m+1)}}{1-2^k} = 241$
进行一些代数运算,得 $2^k(2^{km}-241) = 240$
最接近 $241$ 的 $2$ 的幂是 $256$,即 $2^8$。设 $km = 8$,则 $2^8-241 = 15$
$2^k \cdot 15 = 240$,$2^k = 16$,$k = 4$。
已知 $k = 4$,则 $4m = 8$,$m = 2$。
最后得出 $a = 2$,$m = 2$,$k = 4$。
$2+4+2 = 8$,答案为 $\boxed{A}$
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