AMC12 2024 A
AMC12 2024 A · Q25
AMC12 2024 A · Q25. It mainly tests Functions basics, Manipulating equations.
A graph is $\textit{symmetric}$ about a line if the graph remains unchanged after reflection in that line. For how many quadruples of integers $(a,b,c,d)$, where $|a|,|b|,|c|,|d|\le5$ and $c$ and $d$ are not both $0$, is the graph of \[y=\frac{ax+b}{cx+d}\]symmetric about the line $y=x$?
如果图像关于一条直线对称,则该图像在该直线反射后保持不变。对于整数四元组 $(a,b,c,d)$,其中 $|a|,|b|,|c|,|d|\le5$ 且 $c$ 和 $d$ 不全为 $0$,图像
\[y=\frac{ax+b}{cx+d}\]
关于直线 $y=x$ 对称的有多少种?
(A)
1282
1282
(B)
1292
1292
(C)
1310
1310
(D)
1320
1320
(E)
1330
1330
Answer
Correct choice: (B)
正确答案:(B)
Solution
Symmetric about the line $y=x$ implies that the inverse function $y^{-1}=y$. Then we split the question into several cases to find the final answer.
Case 1: $c=0$
Then $y=\frac{a}{d}x+\frac{b}{d}$ and $y^{-1}=\frac{d}{a}x-\frac{b}{a}$.
Giving us $\frac{a}{d}=\frac{d}{a}$ and $\frac{b}{d}=-\frac{b}{a}$
Therefore, we obtain 2 subcases: $b\neq 0, a+d=0$ and $b=0, a^2=d^2$
Case 2: $c\neq 0$
Then $y^{-1}=\frac{b-dx}{cx-a}=\frac{(cx-a)(-\frac{d}{c})+b-\frac{ad}{c}}{cx-a}=-\frac{d}{c}+\frac{b-\frac{ad}{c}}{cx-a}$
And $y=\frac{(cx+d)(\frac{a}{c})+b-\frac{ad}{c}}{cx+d}=\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b-\frac{ad}{c}}{cx+d}$
So $\frac{a}{c}=-\frac{d}{c}$, or $a=-d$ ($c\neq 0$), and substitute that into $\frac{b-\frac{ad}{c}}{cx-a}=\frac{b-\frac{ad}{c}}{cx+d}$ gives us:
$bc-ad\neq 0$ (Otherwise $y=\frac{a}{c}$, $y^{-1}=-\frac{d}{c}=\frac{a}{c}$, and is not symmetric about $y=x$)
Therefore we get three cases:
Case 1.1: $c= 0, b\neq 0, d\neq 0, a+d=0$
We have 10 choice of $b$, 10 choice of $d$ and each choice of $d$ has one corresponding choice of $a$. In total $10\times 10=100$ ways.
Case 1.2: $c= 0, b = 0, d\neq 0, a^2=d^2$
We have 10 choice for $d$ ($d\neq 0$), each choice of $d$ has 2 corresponding choice of $a$, thus $10\times 2=20$ ways.
Case 2: $c\neq 0, bc-ad\neq 0, a=-d$
$a=0$: $10\times 10=100$ ways.
$a=\pm 1$: $(11\times 10-2)\times 2=216$ ways.
$a=\pm 2$: $(11\times 10-6)\times 2=208$ ways.
$a=\pm 3$: $(11\times 10-2)\times 2=216$ ways.
$a=\pm 4$: $(11\times 10-2)\times 2=216$ ways.
$a=\pm 5$: $(11\times 10-2)\times 2=216$ ways.
In total $100+208+216\times 4= 1172$ ways.
So the answer is $100+20+1172= \boxed{\textbf{(B) }1292}$
关于直线 $y=x$ 对称意味着逆函数 $y^{-1}=y$。然后将问题分为几类情况以求最终答案。
情况 $1$:$c=0$
则 $y=\frac{a}{d}x+\frac{b}{d}$,$y^{-1}=\frac{d}{a}x-\frac{b}{a}$。
给出 $\frac{a}{d}=\frac{d}{a}$ 和 $\frac{b}{d}=-\frac{b}{a}$
因此,得到 $2$ 个子情况:$b\neq 0, a+d=0$ 和 $b=0, a^2=d^2$
情况 $2$:$c\neq 0$
则 $y^{-1}=\frac{b-dx}{cx-a}=\frac{(cx-a)(-\frac{d}{c})+b-\frac{ad}{c}}{cx-a}=-\frac{d}{c}+\frac{b-\frac{ad}{c}}{cx-a}$
且 $y=\frac{(cx+d)(\frac{a}{c})+b-\frac{ad}{c}}{cx+d}=\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b-\frac{ad}{c}}{cx+d}$
所以 $\frac{a}{c}=-\frac{d}{c}$,即 $a=-d$($c\neq 0$),代入 $\frac{b-\frac{ad}{c}}{cx-a}=\frac{b-\frac{ad}{c}}{cx+d}$ 给出:
$bc-ad\neq 0$(否则 $y=\frac{a}{c}$,$y^{-1}=-\frac{d}{c}=\frac{a}{c}$,不关于 $y=x$ 对称)
因此得到三类情况:
情况 $1.1$:$c= 0, b\neq 0, d\neq 0, a+d=0$
$b$ 有 $10$ 选,$d$ 有 $10$ 选,每个 $d$ 有唯一对应 $a$。总共 $10\times 10=100$ 种。
情况 $1.2$:$c= 0, b = 0, d\neq 0, a^2=d^2$
$d$ 有 $10$ 选($d\neq 0$),每个 $d$ 有 $2$ 对应 $a$,故 $10\times 2=20$ 种。
情况 $2$:$c\neq 0, bc-ad\neq 0, a=-d$
$a=0$:$10\times 10=100$ 种。
$a=\pm 1$:$(11\times 10-2)\times 2=216$ 种。
$a=\pm 2$:$(11\times 10-6)\times 2=208$ 种。
$a=\pm 3$:$(11\times 10-2)\times 2=216$ 种。
$a=\pm 4$:$(11\times 10-2)\times 2=216$ 种。
$a=\pm 5$:$(11\times 10-2)\times 2=216$ 种。
总共 $100+208+216\times 4= 1172$ 种。
所以答案是 $100+20+1172= \boxed{\textbf{(B) }1292}$
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