AMC12 2018 A
AMC12 2018 A · Q13
AMC12 2018 A · Q13. It mainly tests Basic counting (rules of product/sum), Base representation.
How many nonnegative integers can be written in the form
$a_7 \cdot 3^7 + a_6 \cdot 3^6 + a_5 \cdot 3^5 + a_4 \cdot 3^4 + a_3 \cdot 3^3 + a_2 \cdot 3^2 + a_1 \cdot 3^1 + a_0 \cdot 3^0$,
where $a_i \in \{-1, 0, 1\}$ for $0 \le i \le 7$?
有多少个非负整数可以表示为
$a_7 \cdot 3^7 + a_6 \cdot 3^6 + a_5 \cdot 3^5 + a_4 \cdot 3^4 + a_3 \cdot 3^3 + a_2 \cdot 3^2 + a_1 \cdot 3^1 + a_0 \cdot 3^0$,
其中$a_i \in \{-1, 0, 1\}$对于$0 \le i \le 7$?
(A)
512
512
(B)
729
729
(C)
1094
1094
(D)
3281
3281
(E)
59,048
59,048
Answer
Correct choice: (D)
正确答案:(D)
Solution
Answer (D): Let $S$ be the set of integers, both negative and non-negative, having the given form. Increasing the value of $a_i$ by 1 for $0 \le i \le 7$ creates a one-to-one correspondence between $S$ and the ternary (base 3) representation of the integers from 0 through $3^8-1$, so $S$ contains $3^8=6561$ elements. One of those is 0, and by symmetry, half of the others are positive, so $S$ contains $1+\frac{1}{2}\cdot(6561-1)=3281$ elements.
答案(D):设 $S$ 为所有具有给定形式的整数集合(包括负整数与非负整数)。当 $0 \le i \le 7$ 时,将 $a_i$ 的值都加 1,会在 $S$ 与从 0 到 $3^8-1$ 的整数的三进制(底数为 3)表示之间建立一一对应,因此 $S$ 含有 $3^8=6561$ 个元素。其中一个是 0,并且由于对称性,其余元素中有一半为正,所以 $S$ 含有 $1+\frac{1}{2}\cdot(6561-1)=3281$ 个元素。
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