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AMC12 2017 B

AMC12 2017 B · Q15

AMC12 2017 B · Q15. It mainly tests Triangles (properties), Area & perimeter.

Let ABC be an equilateral triangle. Extend side AB beyond B to a point B' so that BB' = 3AB. Similarly, extend side BC beyond C to a point C' so that CC' = 3BC, and extend side CA beyond A to a point A' so that AA' = 3CA. What is the ratio of the area of $\triangle A'B'C'$ to the area of $\triangle ABC$?
设 ABC 为正三角形。将边 AB 在 B 外延至点 B',使 BB' = 3AB。类似地,将边 BC 在 C 外延至点 C',使 CC' = 3BC,将边 CA 在 A 外延至点 A',使 AA' = 3CA。$ riangle A'B'C'$ 与 $ riangle ABC$ 的面积比是多少?
(A) 9 : 1 9 : 1
(B) 16 : 1 16 : 1
(C) 25 : 1 25 : 1
(D) 36 : 1 36 : 1
(E) 37 : 1 37 : 1
Answer
Correct choice: (E)
正确答案:(E)
Solution
Answer (E): Draw segments $\overline{CB'}$, $\overline{AC'}$, and $\overline{BA'}$. Let $X$ be the area of $\triangle ABC$. Because $\triangle BB'C$ has a base 3 times as long and the same altitude, its area is $3X$. Similarly, the areas of $\triangle AA'B$ and $\triangle CC'A$ are also $3X$. Furthermore, $\triangle AA'C'$ has 3 times the base and the same height as $\triangle ACC'$, so its area is $9X$. The areas of $\triangle CC'B'$ and $\triangle BB'A'$ are also $9X$ by the same reasoning. Therefore the area of $\triangle A'B'C'$ is $X + 3(3X) + 3(9X) = 37X$, and the requested ratio is $37:1$. Note that nothing in this argument requires $\triangle ABC$ to be equilateral.
答案(E):作线段 $\overline{CB'}$、$\overline{AC'}$ 和 $\overline{BA'}$。设 $X$ 为 $\triangle ABC$ 的面积。因为 $\triangle BB'C$ 的底边是原来的 3 倍且高相同,所以其面积为 $3X$。同理,$\triangle AA'B$ 和 $\triangle CC'A$ 的面积也都是 $3X$。此外,$\triangle AA'C'$ 的底边是 $\triangle ACC'$ 的 3 倍且高相同,因此其面积为 $9X$。同理由此可得,$\triangle CC'B'$ 和 $\triangle BB'A'$ 的面积也都是 $9X$。因此,$\triangle A'B'C'$ 的面积为 $X + 3(3X) + 3(9X) = 37X$,所求比为 $37:1$。注意,这个论证并不要求 $\triangle ABC$ 是等边三角形。
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