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AMC12 2013 B

AMC12 2013 B · Q15

AMC12 2013 B · Q15. It mainly tests Primes & prime factorization, Number theory misc.

The number 2013 is expressed in the form \[ 2013=\frac{a_1!a_2!\cdots a_m!}{b_1!b_2!\cdots b_n!}, \] where $a_1\ge a_2\ge\cdots\ge a_m$ and $b_1\ge b_2\ge\cdots\ge b_n$ are positive integers and $a_1+b_1$ is as small as possible. What is $|a_1-b_1|$?
数 $2013$ 可以表示为 \[ 2013=\frac{a_1!a_2!\cdots a_m!}{b_1!b_2!\cdots b_n!}, \] 其中 $a_1\ge a_2\ge\cdots\ge a_m$ 与 $b_1\ge b_2\ge\cdots\ge b_n$ 为正整数,并且在所有这样的表示中,$a_1+b_1$ 尽可能小。求 $|a_1-b_1|$。
(A) 1 1
(B) 2 2
(C) 3 3
(D) 4 4
(E) 5 5
Answer
Correct choice: (B)
正确答案:(B)
Solution
Answer (B): The prime factorization of 2013 is 3 · 11 · 61. There must be a factor of 61 in the numerator, so $a_1 \ge 61$. Since $a_1!$ will have a factor of 59 and 2013 does not, there must be a factor of 59 in the denominator, and $b_1 \ge 59$. Thus $a_1 + b_1 \ge 120$, and this minimum value can be achieved only if $a_1 = 61$ and $b_1 = 59$. Furthermore, this minimum value is attainable because $$ 2013=\frac{(61!)(11!)(3!)}{(59!)(10!)(5!)}. $$ Thus $\lvert a_1-b_1\rvert=a_1-b_1=61-59=2$.
答案(B):2013 的质因数分解为 $3\cdot 11\cdot 61$。分子中必须有因子 61,所以 $a_1 \ge 61$。由于 $a_1!$ 会含有因子 59,而 2013 不含有 59,因此分母中必须有因子 59,且 $b_1 \ge 59$。因此 $a_1+b_1 \ge 120$,且该最小值只有在 $a_1=61$ 且 $b_1=59$ 时才能取得。此外,该最小值确实可达到,因为 $$ 2013=\frac{(61!)(11!)(3!)}{(59!)(10!)(5!)}. $$ 因此 $\lvert a_1-b_1\rvert=a_1-b_1=61-59=2$。
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