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AMC12 2012 B

AMC12 2012 B · Q17

AMC12 2012 B · Q17. It mainly tests Triangles (properties), Coordinate geometry.

Square $PQRS$ lies in the first quadrant. Points $(3,0), (5,0), (7,0),$ and $(13,0)$ lie on lines $SP, RQ, PQ$, and $SR$, respectively. What is the sum of the coordinates of the center of the square $PQRS$?
正方形 $PQRS$ 位于第一象限。点 $(3,0)$、$(5,0)$、$(7,0)$ 和 $(13,0)$ 分别位于直线 $SP$、$RQ$、$PQ$ 和 $SR$ 上。正方形 $PQRS$ 的中心坐标之和是多少?
(A) 6 6
(B) 6.2 6.2
(C) 6.4 6.4
(D) 6.6 6.6
(E) 6.8 6.8
Answer
Correct choice: (C)
正确答案:(C)
Solution
Construct the midpoints $E=(4,0)$ and $F=(10,0)$ and triangle $\triangle EMF$ as in the diagram, where $M$ is the center of square $PQRS$. Also construct points $G$ and $H$ as in the diagram so that $BG\parallel PQ$ and $CH\parallel QR$. Observe that $\triangle AGB\sim\triangle CHD$ while $PQRS$ being a square implies that $GB=CH$. Furthermore, $CD=6=3\cdot AB$, so $\triangle CHD$ is 3 times bigger than $\triangle AGB$. Therefore, $HD=3\cdot GB=3\cdot HC$. In other words, the longer leg is 3 times the shorter leg in any triangle similar to $\triangle AGB$. Let $K$ be the foot of the perpendicular from $M$ to $EF$, and let $x=EK$. Triangles $\triangle EKM$ and $\triangle MKF$, being similar to $\triangle AGB$, also have legs in a 1:3 ratio, therefore, $MK=3x$ and $KF=9x$, so $10x=EF=6$. It follows that $EK=0.6$ and $MK=1.8$, so the coordinates of $M$ are $(4+0.6,1.8)=(4.6,1.8)$ and so our answer is $4.6+1.8 = 6.4 =$ $\boxed{\mathbf{(C)}\ 32/5}$.
如图作中点 $E=(4,0)$ 与 $F=(10,0)$,并作三角形 $\triangle EMF$,其中 $M$ 为正方形 $PQRS$ 的中心。再如图作点 $G$ 与 $H$,使得 $BG\parallel PQ$ 且 $CH\parallel QR$。 注意到 $\triangle AGB\sim\triangle CHD$,而 $PQRS$ 为正方形推出 $GB=CH$。此外,$CD=6=3\cdot AB$,所以 $\triangle CHD$ 的尺度是 $\triangle AGB$ 的 3 倍。因此 $HD=3\cdot GB=3\cdot HC$。换言之,任何与 $\triangle AGB$ 相似的三角形,其较长直角边是较短直角边的 3 倍。 令 $K$ 为 $M$ 到 $EF$ 的垂足,设 $x=EK$。三角形 $\triangle EKM$ 与 $\triangle MKF$ 都与 $\triangle AGB$ 相似,因此直角边比为 $1:3$,从而 $MK=3x$ 且 $KF=9x$,所以 $10x=EF=6$。于是 $EK=0.6$ 且 $MK=1.8$,故 $M$ 的坐标为 $(4+0.6,1.8)=(4.6,1.8)$,所求为 $4.6+1.8 = 6.4 =$ $\boxed{\mathbf{(C)}\ 32/5}$。
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