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AMC12 2012 A

AMC12 2012 A · Q18

AMC12 2012 A · Q18. It mainly tests Triangles (properties), Area & perimeter.

Triangle $ABC$ has $AB=27$, $AC=26$, and $BC=25$. Let $I$ be the intersection of the internal angle bisectors of $\triangle ABC$. What is $BI$?
三角形 $ABC$ 满足 $AB=27$,$AC=26$,$BC=25$。设 $I$ 为 $\triangle ABC$ 的内部角平分线的交点。求 $BI$。
(A) 15 15
(B) 5 + \sqrt{26} + 3\sqrt{3} 5 + \sqrt{26} + 3\sqrt{3}
(C) 3\sqrt{26} 3\sqrt{26}
(D) \frac{2}{3}\sqrt{546} \frac{2}{3}\sqrt{546}
(E) 9\sqrt{3} 9\sqrt{3}
Answer
Correct choice: (A)
正确答案:(A)
Solution
Inscribe circle $C$ of radius $r$ inside triangle $ABC$ so that it meets $AB$ at $Q$, $BC$ at $R$, and $AC$ at $S$. Note that angle bisectors of triangle $ABC$ are concurrent at the center $O$(also $I$) of circle $C$. Let $x=QB$, $y=RC$ and $z=AS$. Note that $BR=x$, $SC=y$ and $AQ=z$. Hence $x+z=27$, $x+y=25$, and $z+y=26$. Subtracting the last 2 equations we have $x-z=-1$ and adding this to the first equation we have $x=13$. By Heron's formula for the area of a triangle we have that the area of triangle $ABC$ is $\sqrt{39(14)(13)(12)}$. On the other hand the area is given by $(1/2)25r+(1/2)26r+(1/2)27r$. Then $39r=\sqrt{39(14)(13)(12)}$ so that $r^2=56$. Since the radius of circle $O$ is perpendicular to $BC$ at $R$, we have by the pythagorean theorem $BO^2=BI^2=r^2+x^2=56+169=225$ so that $BI=\boxed{\textbf{(A) } 15}$.
在三角形 $ABC$ 内作半径为 $r$ 的内切圆 $C$,分别与 $AB$ 交于 $Q$,与 $BC$ 交于 $R$,与 $AC$ 交于 $S$。注意三角形 $ABC$ 的角平分线交于圆 $C$ 的圆心 $O$(也就是 $I$)。设 $x=QB$,$y=RC$,$z=AS$。注意 $BR=x$,$SC=y$,$AQ=z$。因此 $x+z=27$,$x+y=25$,$z+y=26$。用后两式相减得 $x-z=-1$,再与第一式相加得 $x=13$。 由海伦公式,三角形 $ABC$ 的面积为 $\sqrt{39(14)(13)(12)}$。另一方面,面积也等于 $(1/2)25r+(1/2)26r+(1/2)27r$。于是 $39r=\sqrt{39(14)(13)(12)}$,从而 $r^2=56$。 由于圆心 $O$ 的半径在 $R$ 处垂直于 $BC$,由勾股定理 $BO^2=BI^2=r^2+x^2=56+169=225$,所以 $BI=\boxed{\textbf{(A) } 15}$。
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