AMC12 2010 A
AMC12 2010 A · Q9
AMC12 2010 A · Q9. It mainly tests Area & perimeter, 3D geometry (surface area).
A solid cube has side length 3 inches. A 2-inch by 2-inch square hole is cut into the center of each face. The edges of each cut are parallel to the edges of the cube, and each hole goes all the way through the cube. What is the volume, in cubic inches, of the remaining solid?
一个边长 3 英寸的实心立方体。在每个面中心切出一个 $2$ 英寸乘 $2$ 英寸的正方形孔。每个切口的边与立方体的边平行,并且每个孔都贯穿整个立方体。剩余固体的体积是多少(立方英寸)?
(A)
7
7
(B)
8
8
(C)
10
10
(D)
12
12
(E)
15
15
Answer
Correct choice: (A)
正确答案:(A)
Solution
Imagine making the cuts one at a time. The first cut removes a box $2\times 2\times 3$. The second cut removes two boxes, each of dimensions $2\times 2\times 0.5$, and the third cut does the same as the second cut, on the last two faces. Hence the total volume of all cuts is $12 + 4 + 4 = 20$.
Therefore the volume of the rest of the cube is $3^3 - 20 = 27 - 20 = \boxed{7\ \textbf{(A)}}$.
We can visualize it has a $3$ by $3$ cube with a hollow $2$ by $2$ center, along with 6 "windows" cut out too. The cube formula gives the volume of the $3$ by $3$ cube as $3^3 = 27$ and $2^3 = 8.$ Additionally, the area of the "windows" is the 2x2 cut along with a thickness of $\frac{(3-2)}{2} = \frac{1}{2}.$ The volume of all 6 windows is $6(\frac{1}{2})(2)(2) = 12.$ This gives us our answer of $27 - 8 - 12 = \boxed{7\ \textbf{(A)}}.$
We can use Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion (PIE) to find the final volume of the cube.
There are 3 "cuts" through the cube that go from one end to the other. Each of these "cuts" has $2 \times 2 \times 3=12$ cubic inches. However, we can not just sum their volumes, as
the central $2\times 2\times 2$ cube is included in each of these three cuts. To get the correct result, we can take the sum of the volumes of the three cuts, and subtract the volume of the central cube twice.
Hence the total volume of the cuts is $3(2 \times 2 \times 3) - 2(2\times 2\times 2) = 36 - 16 = 20$.
Therefore the volume of the rest of the cube is $3^3 - 20 = 27 - 20 = \boxed{7\ \textbf{(A)}}$.
We can visualize the final figure and see a cubic frame. We can find the volume of the figure by adding up the volumes of the edges and corners.
Each edge can be seen as a $2\times 0.5\times 0.5$ box, and each corner can be seen as a $0.5\times 0.5\times 0.5$ box.
$12\cdot{\frac{1}{2}} + 8\cdot{\frac{1}{8}} = 6+1 = \boxed{7\ \textbf{(A)}}$.
设想一次做一个切割。第一次切割移去一个 $2\times 2\times 3$ 的长方体。第二次切割移去两个长方体,每个尺寸为 $2\times 2\times 0.5$;第三次切割与第二次相同,作用在剩下的两个面上。因此所有切割移去的总体积为 $12+4+4=20$。
所以剩余立方体的体积为 $3^3-20=27-20=\boxed{7\ \textbf{(A)}}$。
我们也可以将其看作一个 $3$ 乘 $3$ 的立方体,中间挖空一个 $2$ 乘 $2$ 的中心部分,并且还切掉了 6 个“窗口”。立方体公式给出 $3$ 乘 $3$ 立方体体积为 $3^3=27$,而 $2^3=8$。此外,“窗口”的面积是 $2\times 2$ 的切口,厚度为 $\frac{(3-2)}{2}=\frac{1}{2}$。6 个窗口的体积为 $6(\frac{1}{2})(2)(2)=12$。因此体积为 $27-8-12=\boxed{7\ \textbf{(A)}}$。
也可以用容斥原理(PIE)求最终体积。
有 3 个贯穿立方体、从一端到另一端的“切割”。每个“切割”的体积为 $2 \times 2 \times 3=12$ 立方英寸。但不能直接相加,因为中心的 $2\times 2\times 2$ 立方体在这三个切割中都被重复计算。为得到正确结果,将三个切割体积之和减去中心立方体体积的两倍。
因此切割的总体积为 $3(2 \times 2 \times 3) - 2(2\times 2\times 2) = 36 - 16 = 20$。
所以剩余立方体的体积为 $3^3 - 20 = 27 - 20 = \boxed{7\ \textbf{(A)}}$。
也可以将最终图形看作一个立方体框架,通过把棱和角的体积相加来求体积。
每条棱可视为一个 $2\times 0.5\times 0.5$ 的长方体,每个角可视为一个 $0.5\times 0.5\times 0.5$ 的小立方体。
$12\cdot{\frac{1}{2}} + 8\cdot{\frac{1}{8}} = 6+1 = \boxed{7\ \textbf{(A)}}$。
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