AMC12 2007 B
AMC12 2007 B · Q21
AMC12 2007 B · Q21. It mainly tests Basic counting (rules of product/sum), Base representation.
The first $2007$ positive integers are each written in base $3$. How many of these base-$3$ representations are palindromes? (A palindrome is a number that reads the same forward and backward.)
前 $2007$ 个正整数都用 $3$ 进制表示。其中有多少个 $3$ 进制表示是回文数?(回文数是指从左到右与从右到左读起来相同的数。)
(A)
100
100
(B)
101
101
(C)
102
102
(D)
103
103
(E)
104
104
Answer
Correct choice: (A)
正确答案:(A)
Solution
$2007_{10} = 2202100_{3}$
All numbers of six or less digits in base 3 have been written.
The form of each palindrome is as follows
1 digit - $a$
2 digits - $aa$
3 digits - $aba$
4 digits - $abba$
5 digits - $abcba$
6 digits - $abccba$
Where $a,b,c$ are base 3 digits
Since $a \neq 0$, this gives a total of $2 + 2 + 2\cdot 3 + 2\cdot 3 + 2\cdot 3^2 + 2\cdot 3^2 = 52$ palindromes so far.
7 digits - $abcdcba$, but not all of the numbers are less than $2202100_{3}$
Case: $a=1$
All of these numbers are less than $2202100_3$ giving $3^3$ more palindromes
Case: $a=2$, $b\neq 2$
All of these numbers are also small enough, giving $2\cdot 3^2$ more palindromes
Case: $a=2$, $b=2$
It follows that $c=0$, since any other $c$ would make the value too large. This leaves the number as $220d022_3$. Checking each value of d, all of the three are small enough, so that gives $3$ more palindromes.
Summing our cases there are
$52 + 3^3 + 2\cdot 3^2 + 3 = 100 \Rightarrow \mathrm{(A)}$
$2007_{10} = 2202100_{3}$
所有 $3$ 进制下不超过六位的数都已包含在内。
各位数回文的形式如下:
1 位:$a$
2 位:$aa$
3 位:$aba$
4 位:$abba$
5 位:$abcba$
6 位:$abccba$
其中 $a,b,c$ 为 $3$ 进制数字。
由于 $a \neq 0$,到目前为止共有
$2 + 2 + 2\cdot 3 + 2\cdot 3 + 2\cdot 3^2 + 2\cdot 3^2 = 52$
个回文数。
7 位:$abcdcba$,但并非所有都小于 $2202100_{3}$。
情形:$a=1$
这些数都小于 $2202100_3$,因此再得到 $3^3$ 个回文数。
情形:$a=2$, $b\neq 2$
这些数也都足够小,因此再得到 $2\cdot 3^2$ 个回文数。
情形:$a=2$, $b=2$
可知 $c=0$,因为若 $c$ 取其他值会使数值过大。此时数为 $220d022_3$。检验 $d$ 的每个取值,三个都足够小,因此再得到 $3$ 个回文数。
将各情形相加:
$52 + 3^3 + 2\cdot 3^2 + 3 = 100 \Rightarrow \mathrm{(A)}$
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