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AMC12 2007 B

AMC12 2007 B · Q21

AMC12 2007 B · Q21. It mainly tests Basic counting (rules of product/sum), Base representation.

The first $2007$ positive integers are each written in base $3$. How many of these base-$3$ representations are palindromes? (A palindrome is a number that reads the same forward and backward.)
前 $2007$ 个正整数都用 $3$ 进制表示。其中有多少个 $3$ 进制表示是回文数?(回文数是指从左到右与从右到左读起来相同的数。)
(A) 100 100
(B) 101 101
(C) 102 102
(D) 103 103
(E) 104 104
Answer
Correct choice: (A)
正确答案:(A)
Solution
$2007_{10} = 2202100_{3}$ All numbers of six or less digits in base 3 have been written. The form of each palindrome is as follows 1 digit - $a$ 2 digits - $aa$ 3 digits - $aba$ 4 digits - $abba$ 5 digits - $abcba$ 6 digits - $abccba$ Where $a,b,c$ are base 3 digits Since $a \neq 0$, this gives a total of $2 + 2 + 2\cdot 3 + 2\cdot 3 + 2\cdot 3^2 + 2\cdot 3^2 = 52$ palindromes so far. 7 digits - $abcdcba$, but not all of the numbers are less than $2202100_{3}$ Case: $a=1$ All of these numbers are less than $2202100_3$ giving $3^3$ more palindromes Case: $a=2$, $b\neq 2$ All of these numbers are also small enough, giving $2\cdot 3^2$ more palindromes Case: $a=2$, $b=2$ It follows that $c=0$, since any other $c$ would make the value too large. This leaves the number as $220d022_3$. Checking each value of d, all of the three are small enough, so that gives $3$ more palindromes. Summing our cases there are $52 + 3^3 + 2\cdot 3^2 + 3 = 100 \Rightarrow \mathrm{(A)}$
$2007_{10} = 2202100_{3}$ 所有 $3$ 进制下不超过六位的数都已包含在内。 各位数回文的形式如下: 1 位:$a$ 2 位:$aa$ 3 位:$aba$ 4 位:$abba$ 5 位:$abcba$ 6 位:$abccba$ 其中 $a,b,c$ 为 $3$ 进制数字。 由于 $a \neq 0$,到目前为止共有 $2 + 2 + 2\cdot 3 + 2\cdot 3 + 2\cdot 3^2 + 2\cdot 3^2 = 52$ 个回文数。 7 位:$abcdcba$,但并非所有都小于 $2202100_{3}$。 情形:$a=1$ 这些数都小于 $2202100_3$,因此再得到 $3^3$ 个回文数。 情形:$a=2$, $b\neq 2$ 这些数也都足够小,因此再得到 $2\cdot 3^2$ 个回文数。 情形:$a=2$, $b=2$ 可知 $c=0$,因为若 $c$ 取其他值会使数值过大。此时数为 $220d022_3$。检验 $d$ 的每个取值,三个都足够小,因此再得到 $3$ 个回文数。 将各情形相加: $52 + 3^3 + 2\cdot 3^2 + 3 = 100 \Rightarrow \mathrm{(A)}$
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