AMC12 2007 A
AMC12 2007 A · Q16
AMC12 2007 A · Q16. It mainly tests Averages (mean), Basic counting (rules of product/sum).
How many three-digit numbers are composed of three distinct digits such that one digit is the average of the other two?
有多少个三位数由三个不同数字组成,使得其中一个数字是其他两个的平均数?
(A)
96
96
(B)
104
104
(C)
112
112
(D)
120
120
(E)
256
256
Answer
Correct choice: (C)
正确答案:(C)
Solution
We can find the number of increasing arithmetic sequences of length 3 possible from 0 to 9, and then find all the possible permutations of these sequences.
This gives us a total of $2 + 4 + 6 + 8 = 20$ sequences. There are $3! = 6$ to permute these, for a total of $120$.
However, we note that the conditions of the problem require three-digit numbers, and hence our numbers cannot start with zero. There are $2! \cdot 4 = 8$ numbers which start with zero, so our answer is $120 - 8 = 112 \Longrightarrow \mathrm{(C)}$.
这样的数字的三个数字集合可以排列成一个递增的等差数列。公差为1时有8种可能序列,因为首项可以是0到7的任意数字。公差为2时有6种,公差为3时有4种,公差为4时有2种。因此共有20种等差数列。包含0的4个集合可以排列成$2\cdot2! = 4$个不同的数,不包含0的16个集合可以排列成$3! = 6$个不同的数。因此总共有$4 \cdot 4 + 16 \cdot 6 = 112$个符合条件的数。
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