AMC12 2006 A
AMC12 2006 A · Q24
AMC12 2006 A · Q24. It mainly tests Polynomials, Basic counting (rules of product/sum).
The expression
\[(x+y+z)^{2006}+(x-y-z)^{2006}\]
is simplified by expanding it and combining like terms. How many terms are in the simplified expression?
将表达式
\[(x+y+z)^{2006}+(x-y-z)^{2006}\]
展开并合并同类项后得到简化式。简化后的表达式共有多少项?
(A)
6018
6018
(B)
671676
671676
(C)
1007514
1007514
(D)
1008016
1008016
(E)
2015028
2015028
Answer
Correct choice: (D)
正确答案:(D)
Solution
By the Multinomial Theorem, the summands can be written as
\[\sum_{a+b+c=2006}{\frac{2006!}{a!b!c!}x^ay^bz^c}\]
and
\[\sum_{a+b+c=2006}{\frac{2006!}{a!b!c!}x^a(-y)^b(-z)^c},\]
respectively. Since the coefficients of like terms are the same in each expression, each like term either cancel one another out or the coefficient doubles. In each expansion there are:
\[{2006+2\choose 2} = 2015028\]
terms without cancellation. For any term in the second expansion to be negative, the parity of the exponents of $y$ and $z$ must be opposite. Now we find a pattern:
if the exponent of $y$ is $1$, the exponent of $z$ can be all even integers up to $2004$, so there are $1003$ terms.
if the exponent of $y$ is $3$, the exponent of $z$ can go up to $2002$, so there are $1002$ terms.
$\vdots$
if the exponent of $y$ is $2005$, then $z$ can only be 0, so there is $1$ term.
If we add them up, we get $\frac{1003\cdot1004}{2}$ terms. However, we can switch the exponents of $y$ and $z$ and these terms will still have a negative sign. So there are a total of $1003\cdot1004$ negative terms.
By subtracting this number from 2015028, we obtain $\boxed{\mathrm{D}}$ or $1,008,016$ as our answer.
由多项式定理,两部分的展开分别可写为
\[\sum_{a+b+c=2006}{\frac{2006!}{a!b!c!}x^ay^bz^c}\]
和
\[\sum_{a+b+c=2006}{\frac{2006!}{a!b!c!}x^a(-y)^b(-z)^c},\]
由于两式中同类项的系数大小相同,每个同类项要么相互抵消,要么系数加倍。在每个展开式中,不考虑抵消时共有
\[{2006+2\choose 2} = 2015028\]
项。第二个展开式中某项为负当且仅当 $y$ 与 $z$ 的指数奇偶性相反。现在找出规律:
当 $y$ 的指数为 $1$ 时,$z$ 的指数可以是所有不超过 $2004$ 的偶整数,因此有 $1003$ 项。
当 $y$ 的指数为 $3$ 时,$z$ 的指数最多到 $2002$,因此有 $1002$ 项。
$\vdots$
当 $y$ 的指数为 $2005$ 时,$z$ 只能为 $0$,因此有 $1$ 项。
将它们相加得到 $\frac{1003\cdot1004}{2}$ 项。不过交换 $y$ 与 $z$ 的指数后,这些项仍为负,因此负项总数为 $1003\cdot1004$。
用 $2015028$ 减去该数,得到答案 $\boxed{\mathrm{D}}$,即 $1,008,016$。
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