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AMC12 2002 B

AMC12 2002 B · Q12

AMC12 2002 B · Q12. It mainly tests Quadratic equations, Divisibility & factors.

For how many integers $n$ is $\dfrac n{20-n}$ the square of an integer?
有几个整数 $n$ 使得 $\dfrac n{20-n}$ 是一个整数的平方?
(A) 1 1
(B) 2 2
(C) 3 3
(D) 4 4
(E) 10 10
Answer
Correct choice: (D)
正确答案:(D)
Solution
Let $x^2 = \frac{n}{20-n}$, with $x \ge 0$ (note that the solutions $x < 0$ do not give any additional solutions for $n$). Then rewriting, $n = \frac{20x^2}{x^2 + 1}$. Since $\text{gcd}(x^2, x^2 + 1) = 1$, it follows that $x^2 + 1$ divides $20$. Listing the factors of $20$, we find that $x = 0, 1, 2 , 3$ are the only $\boxed{\mathrm{(D)}\ 4}$ solutions (respectively yielding $n = 0, 10, 16, 18$).
令 $x^2 = \frac{n}{20-n}$,其中 $x \ge 0$(注意 $x<0$ 的解不会给出额外的 $n$ 解)。改写得 $n = \frac{20x^2}{x^2 + 1}$。由于 $\text{gcd}(x^2, x^2 + 1) = 1$,可知 $x^2 + 1$ 必须整除 $20$。列出 $20$ 的因数可得只有 $x = 0, 1, 2 , 3$ 这 $\boxed{\mathrm{(D)}\ 4}$ 个解(分别对应 $n = 0, 10, 16, 18$)。
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