AMC10 2025 B
AMC10 2025 B · Q10
AMC10 2025 B · Q10. It mainly tests Factoring, Polynomials.
Let $f(n)=n^3-5n^2+2n+8$ and $g(n)=n^3-6n^2+5n+12.$ What is the sum of all integers $n$ such that $\tfrac{f(n)}{g(n)}$ is an integer?
设 $f(n)=n^3-5n^2+2n+8$ 和 $g(n)=n^3-6n^2+5n+12$。求所有使得 $\tfrac{f(n)}{g(n)}$ 为整数的整数 $n$ 的和。
(A)
2
2
(B)
3
3
(C)
4
4
(D)
5
5
(E)
6
6
Answer
Correct choice: (A)
正确答案:(A)
Solution
Observe that both $f(n)$ and $g(n)$ can be factored using RZT. By trying out a few values, we get that $n = -1$ is a root of $f(n)$. Then, we can use synthetic division (regular polynomial division works, too) to get the other roots of $f(n)$, which are $n = 4$ and $n = 2$. Now we factor $g(n)$. By inspection, $n = -1$ also works on $g(n)$, and so synthetic division and factoring the remaining quadratic gets us the roots $n = 3$ and $n = 4.$ We can now express $\frac{f(n)}{g(n)}$ as:
\[\frac{(n + 1)(n - 4)(n - 2)}{(n + 1)(n - 4)(n - 3)}.\] We can cancel the top and bottom to get:
\[\frac{(n - 2)}{(n - 3)}\]
Notice that the only values for which this expression is an integer are $n = 4$ and $n = 2$, because they both cause the denominator to have a magnitude of $1$. However, $n = 4$ is an extraneous solution as plugging it back into the original expression would make it evaluate to $\frac{0}{0}$. Our answer is then $\boxed{\textbf{(A)}\hspace{3pt} 2}$.
注意到 $f(n)$ 和 $g(n)$ 都可以使用有理根定理因式分解。通过尝试几个值,我们得到 $n = -1$ 是 $f(n)$ 的根。然后,使用合成除法(普通多项式除法也行)得到 $f(n)$ 的其他根 $n = 4$ 和 $n = 2$。现在因式分解 $g(n)$。通过检查,$n = -1$ 也适用于 $g(n)$,从而合成除法和因式分解剩余二次多项式得到根 $n = 3$ 和 $n = 4$。我们现在可以将 $\frac{f(n)}{g(n)}$ 表示为:
\[\frac{(n + 1)(n - 4)(n - 2)}{(n + 1)(n - 4)(n - 3)}.\] 我们可以约去上下,从而得到:
\[\frac{(n - 2)}{(n - 3)}\]
注意到这个表达式为整数的唯一值为 $n = 4$ 和 $n = 2$,因为它们都使分母绝对值为 1。然而,$n = 4$ 是外来解,因为代入原表达式会得到 $\frac{0}{0}$。因此答案是 $\boxed{\textbf{(A)}\hspace{3pt} 2}$。
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