AMC10 2016 A
AMC10 2016 A · Q19
AMC10 2016 A · Q19. It mainly tests Similarity, Ratios in geometry.
In rectangle $ABCD$, $AB=6$ and $BC=3$. Point $E$ between $B$ and $C$, and point $F$ between $E$ and $C$ are such that $BE=EF=FC$. Segments $AE$ and $AF$ intersect $BD$ at $P$ and $Q$, respectively. The ratio $BP:PQ:QD$ can be written as $r:s:t$, where the greatest common factor of $r$, $s$, and $t$ is $1$. What is $r+s+t$?
在矩形 $ABCD$ 中,$AB=6$,$BC=3$。点 $E$ 在线段 $BC$ 上,点 $F$ 在线段 $EC$ 上,且满足 $BE=EF=FC$。线段 $AE$ 与 $AF$ 分别与对角线 $BD$ 相交于 $P$ 和 $Q$。比值 $BP:PQ:QD$ 可写为 $r:s:t$,其中 $r,s,t$ 的最大公因数为 $1$。求 $r+s+t$。
(A)
7
7
(B)
9
9
(C)
12
12
(D)
15
15
(E)
20
20
Answer
Correct choice: (E)
正确答案:(E)
Solution
Answer (E): Triangles $APD$ and $EPB$ are similar and $BE:DA=1:3$, so $BP=\frac{1}{4}BD$. Triangles $AQD$ and $FQB$ are similar and $BF:DA=2:3$, so $BQ=\frac{2}{5}BD$ and $QD=\frac{3}{5}BD$. Then $PQ=BQ-BP=\left(\frac{2}{5}-\frac{1}{4}\right)BD=\frac{3}{20}BD$. Thus $BP:PQ:QD=\frac{1}{4}:\frac{3}{20}:\frac{3}{5}=5:3:12$, and $r+s+t=5+3+12=20$.
Note: The answer is independent of the dimensions of the original rectangle. Consider the figures below, showing the rectangle $ABCD$ with points $E$ and $F$ trisecting side $BC$. Let $G$ and $H$ trisect $AD$, and let $M$ and $N$ be the midpoints of $AB$ and $CD$. Then the segments $AE$, $GF$, and $HC$ are equally spaced, implying that $BP=PR=RS=SD$ and showing that $BP:PD:BD=1:3:4=5:15:20$. The segments $ME$, $AF$, $GC$, and $HN$ are also equally spaced, implying that $BT=TQ=QU=UV=VD$ and showing that $BQ:QD:BD=2:3:5=8:12:20$. It then follows that $BP:PQ:QD=5:(15-12):12=5:3:12$.
答案(E):三角形 $APD$ 与 $EPB$ 相似,且 $BE:DA=1:3$,所以 $BP=\frac{1}{4}BD$。三角形 $AQD$ 与 $FQB$ 相似,且 $BF:DA=2:3$,所以 $BQ=\frac{2}{5}BD$,并且 $QD=\frac{3}{5}BD$。于是 $PQ=BQ-BP=\left(\frac{2}{5}-\frac{1}{4}\right)BD=\frac{3}{20}BD$。因此 $BP:PQ:QD=\frac{1}{4}:\frac{3}{20}:\frac{3}{5}=5:3:12$,并且 $r+s+t=5+3+12=20$。
注:答案与原矩形的尺寸无关。考虑下图:矩形 $ABCD$ 中,点 $E$ 与 $F$ 将边 $BC$ 三等分。设 $G$ 与 $H$ 将 $AD$ 三等分,且 $M$ 与 $N$ 分别为 $AB$ 与 $CD$ 的中点。则线段 $AE$、$GF$、$HC$ 等距,从而 $BP=PR=RS=SD$,并可得 $BP:PD:BD=1:3:4=5:15:20$。线段 $ME$、$AF$、$GC$、$HN$ 也等距,从而 $BT=TQ=QU=UV=VD$,并可得 $BQ:QD:BD=2:3:5=8:12:20$。因此 $BP:PQ:QD=5:(15-12):12=5:3:12$。
Topics
Related Questions
Practice full AMC exams on amcdrill.
Try full-length practice and diagnostics at www.amcdrill.com.