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AMC10 2015 B

AMC10 2015 B · Q20

AMC10 2015 B · Q20. It mainly tests Basic counting (rules of product/sum), Counting in geometry (lattice points).

Erin the ant starts at a given corner of a cube and crawls along exactly 7 edges in such a way that she visits every corner exactly once and then finds that she is unable to return along an edge to her starting point. How many paths are there meeting these conditions?
蚂蚁 Erin 从立方体的一个顶点开始,沿着恰好 7 条边爬行,这样她恰好访问每个顶点一次,然后发现无法沿着一条边返回起点。有多少条满足条件的路径?
(A) 6 6
(B) 9 9
(C) 12 12
(D) 18 18
(E) 24 24
Answer
Correct choice: (A)
正确答案:(A)
Solution
Answer (A): The first two edges of Erin’s crawl can be chosen in $3\cdot 2=6$ ways. These edges share a unique face of the cube, called the initial face. At this point, Erin is standing at a vertex $u$ and there is only one unvisited vertex $v$ of the initial face. If $v$ is not visited right after $u$, then Erin visits all vertices adjacent to $v$ before $v$. This means that once Erin reaches $v$, she cannot continue her crawl to any unvisited vertex, and $v$ cannot be her last visited vertex because $v$ is adjacent to her starting point. Thus $v$ must be visited right after $u$. There are only two ways to visit the remaining four vertices (clockwise or counterclockwise around the face opposite to the initial face) and exactly one of them cannot be followed by a return to the starting vertex. Therefore there are exactly $6$ paths in all.
答案(A):Erin 爬行路径的前两条边可以用 $3\cdot 2=6$ 种方式选择。这两条边共享立方体的一个唯一面,称为初始面。此时,Erin 站在一个顶点 $u$,并且初始面上只剩一个未访问的顶点 $v$。如果在访问 $u$ 之后没有立刻访问 $v$,那么 Erin 会在访问 $v$ 之前先访问完所有与 $v$ 相邻的顶点。这意味着一旦 Erin 到达 $v$,她就无法继续爬行到任何未访问的顶点;而且 $v$ 也不可能是她最后访问的顶点,因为 $v$ 与她的起始点相邻。因此必须在访问 $u$ 之后立刻访问 $v$。剩下四个顶点只有两种访问方式(沿着与初始面相对的那个面顺时针或逆时针绕行),并且其中恰有一种方式之后无法返回到起始顶点。因此总共有恰好 $6$ 条路径。
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