AMC10 2013 A
AMC10 2013 A · Q24
AMC10 2013 A · Q24. It mainly tests Basic counting (rules of product/sum), Permutations.
Central High School is competing against Northern High School in a backgammon match. Each school has three players, and the contest rules require that each player play two games against each of the other school’s players. The match takes place in six rounds, with three games played simultaneously in each round. In how many different ways can the match be scheduled?
中央高中与北方高中进行背gammon比赛。每校各有3名选手,比赛规则要求每位选手与对方学校每位选手各打两场比赛。比赛分6轮进行,每轮同时进行3场比赛。比赛可以以多少种不同的方式安排?
(A)
540
540
(B)
600
600
(C)
720
720
(D)
810
810
(E)
900
900
Answer
Correct choice: (E)
正确答案:(E)
Solution
Answer (E): Call the players from Central $A$, $B$, and $C$, and call the players from Northern $X$, $Y$, and $Z$. Represent the schedule for each Central player by a string of length six consisting of two each of $X$, $Y$, and $Z$. There are $\binom{6}{2}\binom{4}{2}\binom{2}{2}=90$ possible strings for player $A$. Assume without loss of generality that the string is $XXYYZZ$. Player $B$’s schedule must be a string with no $X$’s in the first two positions, no $Y$’s in the next two, and no $Z$’s in the last two. If $B$’s string begins with a $Y$ and a $Z$ in either order, the next two letters must be an $X$ and a $Z$, and the last two must be an $X$ and a $Y$. Because each pair can be ordered in one of two ways, there are $2^3=8$ such strings. If $B$’s string begins with $YY$ or $ZZ$, it must be $YYZZXX$ or $ZZXXYY$, respectively. Hence there are $10$ possible schedules for $B$ for each of the $90$ schedules for $A$, and $C$’s schedule is then determined. The total number of possible schedules is $900$.
答案(E):把中部的选手记为 $A$、$B$、$C$,把北部的选手记为 $X$、$Y$、$Z$。用一个长度为 6 的字符串表示每位中部选手的赛程,其中 $X$、$Y$、$Z$ 各出现两次。选手 $A$ 的可能字符串数为 $\binom{6}{2}\binom{4}{2}\binom{2}{2}=90$。不失一般性,设该字符串为 $XXYYZZ$。选手 $B$ 的赛程必须满足:前两位没有 $X$,接下来两位没有 $Y$,最后两位没有 $Z$。如果 $B$ 的字符串前两位是一个 $Y$ 和一个 $Z$(顺序任意),则接下来的两位必须是一个 $X$ 和一个 $Z$,最后两位必须是一个 $X$ 和一个 $Y$。由于每一对字母都有两种排列方式,所以这样的字符串有 $2^3=8$ 个。若 $B$ 的字符串以 $YY$ 或 $ZZ$ 开头,则分别只能是 $YYZZXX$ 或 $ZZXXYY$。因此,对 $A$ 的每一种(共 $90$ 种)赛程,$B$ 有 $10$ 种可能赛程,而此时 $C$ 的赛程也就随之确定。总的可能赛程数为 $900$。
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