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AMC10 2004 B

AMC10 2004 B · Q16

AMC10 2004 B · Q16. It mainly tests Triangles (properties), Circle theorems.

Three circles of radius 1 are externally tangent to each other and internally tangent to a larger circle. What is the radius of the large circle?
三个半径为1的圆相互外切,并与一个更大的圆内切。这个大圆的半径是多少?
stem
(A) 2 + \frac{\sqrt{6}}{3} 2 + \frac{\sqrt{6}}{3}
(B) 2 2
(C) 2 + \frac{3\sqrt{2}}{3} 2 + \frac{3\sqrt{2}}{3}
(D) 3 + \frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3} 3 + \frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}
(E) 3 + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} 3 + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}
Answer
Correct choice: (D)
正确答案:(D)
Solution
(D) Let $O$ be the center of the large circle, let $C$ be the center of one of the small circles, and let $OA$ and $OB$ be tangent to the small circle at $A$ and $B$. By symmetry, $\angle AOB=120^\circ$ and $\angle AOC=60^\circ$. Thus $\triangle AOC$ is a $30$-$60$-$90$ degree right triangle, and $AC=1$, so $$ OC=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}AC=\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}. $$ If $OD$ is a radius of the large circle through $C$, then $$ OD=CD+OC=1+\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}=\frac{3+2\sqrt{3}}{3}. $$ Solving for $\theta$ gives $\theta=\pi/7$.
(D) 设 $O$ 为大圆的圆心,$C$ 为其中一个小圆的圆心,并且 $OA$ 与 $OB$ 分别在 $A$、$B$ 处与小圆相切。 由对称性,$\angle AOB=120^\circ$ 且 $\angle AOC=60^\circ$。因此 $\triangle AOC$ 是一个 $30$-$60$-$90$ 的直角三角形,并且 $AC=1$,所以 $$ OC=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}AC=\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}. $$ 若 $OD$ 是经过点 $C$ 的大圆半径,则 $$ OD=CD+OC=1+\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}=\frac{3+2\sqrt{3}}{3}. $$ 解出 $\theta$ 得 $\theta=\pi/7$。
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