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AMC12 2023 A

AMC12 2023 A · Q16

AMC12 2023 A · Q16. It mainly tests Quadratic equations, Complex numbers (rare).

Consider the set of complex numbers $z$ satisfying $|1+z+z^{2}|=4$. The maximum value of the imaginary part of $z$ can be written in the form $\tfrac{\sqrt{m}}{n}$, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. What is $m+n$?
考虑满足 $|1+z+z^{2}|=4$ 的复数集 $z$。$z$ 的虚部的最大值可以写成形式 $\tfrac{\sqrt{m}}{n}$,其中 $m$ 和 $n$ 是互质的正整数。求 $m+n$?
(A) 20 20
(B) 21 21
(C) 22 22
(D) 23 23
(E) 24 24
Answer
Correct choice: (B)
正确答案:(B)
Solution
First, substitute in $z=a+bi$. \[|1+(a+bi)+(a+bi)^2|=4\] \[|(1+a+a^2-b^2)+ (b+2ab)i|=4\] \[(1+a+a^2-b^2)^2+ (b+2ab)^2=16\] \[(1+a+a^2-b^2)^2+ b^2(1+4a+4a^2)=16\] Let $p=b^2$ and $q=1+a+a^2$ \[(q-p)^2+ p(4q-3)=16\] \[p^2-2pq+q^2 + 4pq -3p=16\] We are trying to maximize $b=\sqrt p$, so we'll turn the equation into a quadratic to solve for $p$ in terms of $q$. \[p^2+(2q-3)p+(q^2-16)=0\] \[p=\frac{(-2q+3)\pm \sqrt{-12q+73}}{2}\] We want to maximize $p$. Since $q$ is always negatively contributing to $p$'s value, we want to minimize $q$. Due to the trivial inequality: $q=1+a+a^2=(a+\frac 12)^2+\frac{3}4 \geq \frac{3}4$ If we plug $q$'s minimum value in, we get that $p$'s maximum value is \[p=\frac{(-2(\frac 34)+3)+ \sqrt{-12(\frac 34)+73}}{2}=\frac{\frac 32+ 8}{2}=\frac{19}{4}\] Then \[b=\frac{\sqrt{19}}{2}\] and \[m+n=\boxed{\textbf{(B)}~21}\]
首先,将 $z=a+bi$ 代入。 \[|1+(a+bi)+(a+bi)^2|=4\] \[|(1+a+a^2-b^2)+ (b+2ab)i|=4\] \[(1+a+a^2-b^2)^2+ (b+2ab)^2=16\] \[(1+a+a^2-b^2)^2+ b^2(1+4a+4a^2)=16\] 令 $p=b^2$,$q=1+a+a^2$ \[(q-p)^2+ p(4q-3)=16\] \[p^2-2pq+q^2 + 4pq -3p=16\] 我们试图最大化 $b=\sqrt p$,因此将方程转化为关于 $p$ 的二次方程,以 $q$ 表示 $p$。 \[p^2+(2q-3)p+(q^2-16)=0\] \[p=\frac{(-2q+3)\pm \sqrt{-12q+73}}{2}\] 我们希望最大化 $p$。由于 $q$ 总是对 $p$ 的值产生负贡献,我们希望最小化 $q$。 由于平凡不等式: $q=1+a+a^2=(a+\frac 12)^2+\frac{3}4 \geq \frac{3}4$ 如果我们代入 $q$ 的最小值,我们得到 $p$ 的最大值为 \[p=\frac{(-2(\frac 34)+3)+ \sqrt{-12(\frac 34)+73}}{2}=\frac{\frac 32+ 8}{2}=\frac{19}{4}\] 则 \[b=\frac{\sqrt{19}}{2}\] 且 \[m+n=\boxed{\textbf{(B)}~21}\]
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