AMC12 2021 A
AMC12 2021 A · Q24
AMC12 2021 A · Q24. It mainly tests Similarity, Circle theorems.
Semicircle $\Gamma$ has diameter $\overline{AB}$ of length $14$. Circle $\Omega$ lies tangent to $\overline{AB}$ at a point $P$ and intersects $\Gamma$ at points $Q$ and $R$. If $QR=3\sqrt3$ and $\angle QPR=60^\circ$, then the area of $\triangle PQR$ equals $\tfrac{a\sqrt{b}}{c}$, where $a$ and $c$ are relatively prime positive integers, and $b$ is a positive integer not divisible by the square of any prime. What is $a+b+c$?
半圆 $\Gamma$ 有直径 $\overline{AB}$ 长度为 $14$。圆 $\Omega$ 在点 $P$ 与 $\overline{AB}$ 相切,并与 $\Gamma$ 相交于点 $Q$ 和 $R$。若 $QR=3\sqrt3$ 且 $\angle QPR=60^\circ$,则 $\triangle PQR$ 的面积等于 $\tfrac{a\sqrt{b}}{c}$,其中 $a$ 和 $c$ 是互质正整数,$b$ 是无平方因数的正整数。求 $a+b+c$?
(A)
110
110
(B)
114
114
(C)
118
118
(D)
122
122
(E)
126
126
Answer
Correct choice: (D)
正确答案:(D)
Solution
Let $O=\Gamma$ be the center of the semicircle and $X=\Omega$ be the center of the circle.
Applying the Extended Law of Sines to $\triangle PQR,$ we find the radius of $\odot X:$ \[XP=\frac{QR}{2\cdot\sin \angle QPR}=\frac{3\sqrt3}{2\cdot\frac{\sqrt3}{2}}=3.\]
Alternatively, by the Inscribed Angle Theorem, $\triangle QRX$ is a $30^\circ\text{-}30^\circ\text{-}120^\circ$ triangle with base $QR=3\sqrt3.$ Dividing $\triangle QRX$ into two congruent $30^\circ\text{-}60^\circ\text{-}90^\circ$ triangles, we get that the radius of $\odot X$ is $XQ=XR=3$ by the side-length ratios.
Let $M$ be the midpoint of $\overline{QR}.$ By the Perpendicular Chord Bisector Converse, we have $\overline{OM}\perp\overline{QR}$ and $\overline{XM}\perp\overline{QR}.$ Together, points $O, X,$ and $M$ must be collinear.
By the SAS Congruence, we have $\triangle QXM\cong\triangle RXM,$ both of which are $30^\circ\text{-}60^\circ\text{-}90^\circ$ triangles. By the side-length ratios, we obtain $RM=\frac{3\sqrt3}{2}, RX=3,$ and $XM=\frac{3}{2}.$ By the Pythagorean Theorem on right $\triangle ORM,$ we get $OM=\frac{13}{2}$ and $OX=OM-XM=5.$ By the Pythagorean Theorem on right $\triangle OXP,$ we get $OP=4.$
Let $C$ be the foot of the perpendicular from $P$ to $\overline{QR},$ and $D$ be the foot of the perpendicular from $X$ to $\overline{PC},$ as shown below:
Clearly, quadrilateral $XDCM$ is a rectangle. Since $\angle XPD=\angle OXP$ by alternate interior angles, we have $\triangle XPD\sim\triangle OXP$ by the AA Similarity, with the ratio of similitude $\frac{XP}{OX}=\frac 35.$ Therefore, we get $PD=\frac 95$ and $PC=PD+DC=PD+XM=\frac 95 + \frac 32 = \frac{33}{10}.$
The area of $\triangle PQR$ is \[\frac12\cdot QR\cdot PC=\frac12\cdot3\sqrt3\cdot\frac{33}{10}=\frac{99\sqrt3}{20},\] from which the answer is $99+3+20=\boxed{\textbf{(D) } 122}.$
令 $O=\Gamma$ 为半圆的中心,$X=\Omega$ 为圆的中心。
对 $\triangle PQR$ 应用扩展正弦定律,我们得到 $\odot X$ 的半径:
\[XP=\frac{QR}{2\cdot\sin \angle QPR}=\frac{3\sqrt3}{2\cdot\frac{\sqrt3}{2}}=3.\]
或者,由内接角定理,$\triangle QRX$ 是 $30^\circ\text{-}30^\circ\text{-}120^\circ$ 三角形,底边 $QR=3\sqrt3$。将 $\triangle QRX$ 分成两个全等的 $30^\circ\text{-}60^\circ\text{-}90^\circ$ 三角形,由边长比例得到 $\odot X$ 的半径 $XQ=XR=3$。
令 $M$ 为 $\overline{QR}$ 的中点。由垂直弦平分线逆命题,我们有 $\overline{OM}\perp\overline{QR}$ 和 $\overline{XM}\perp\overline{QR}$。因此,点 $O$,$X$ 和 $M$ 共线。
由 SAS 全等,$\triangle QXM\cong\triangle RXM$,两者都是 $30^\circ\text{-}60^\circ\text{-}90^\circ$ 三角形。由边长比例,得到 $RM=\frac{3\sqrt3}{2}$,$RX=3$,和 $XM=\frac{3}{2}$。在直角 $\triangle ORM$ 上应用勾股定理,得到 $OM=\frac{13}{2}$ 和 $OX=OM-XM=5$。在直角 $\triangle OXP$ 上应用勾股定理,得到 $OP=4$。
令 $C$ 为从 $P$ 到 $\overline{QR}$ 的垂足,$D$ 为从 $X$ 到 $\overline{PC}$ 的垂足,如下图所示:
显然,四边形 $XDCM$ 是矩形。由于 $\angle XPD=\angle OXP$(由交替内角),由 AA 相似,$\triangle XPD\sim\triangle OXP$,相似比 $\frac{XP}{OX}=\frac 35$。因此,得到 $PD=\frac 95$ 和 $PC=PD+DC=PD+XM=\frac 95 + \frac 32 = \frac{33}{10}$。
$\triangle PQR$ 的面积为
\[\frac12\cdot QR\cdot PC=\frac12\cdot3\sqrt3\cdot\frac{33}{10}=\frac{99\sqrt3}{20},\]
由此答案为 $99+3+20=\boxed{\textbf{(D) } 122}$。
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