AMC12 2021 A
AMC12 2021 A · Q13
AMC12 2021 A · Q13. It mainly tests Complex numbers (rare), Trigonometry (basic).
Of the following complex numbers $z$, which one has the property that $z^5$ has the greatest real part?
下列复数$z$中,哪一个使得$z^5$的实部最大?
(A)
{-}2
{-}2
(B)
{-}\sqrt3+i
{-}\sqrt3+i
(C)
{-}\sqrt2+\sqrt2 i
{-}\sqrt2+\sqrt2 i
(D)
{-}1+\sqrt3 i
{-}1+\sqrt3 i
(E)
2i
2i
Answer
Correct choice: (B)
正确答案:(B)
Solution
First, $\textbf{(B)}$ is $2\text{cis}(150)$, $\textbf{(C)}$ is $2\text{cis}(135)$, $\textbf{(D)}$ is $2\text{cis}(120)$.
Taking the real part of the $5$th power of each we have:
$\textbf{(A): }(-2)^5=-32$
$\textbf{(B): }32\cos(750)=32\cos(30)=16\sqrt{3}$
$\textbf{(C): }32\cos(675)=32\cos(-45)=16\sqrt{2}$
$\textbf{(D): }32\cos(600)=32\cos(240)<0$
$\textbf{(E): }(2i)^5=32i$, whose real part is $0$
Thus, the answer is $\boxed{\textbf{(B) }{-}\sqrt3+i}$.
首先,$\textbf{(B)}$ 是 $2\text{cis}(150)$,$\textbf{(C)}$ 是 $2\text{cis}(135)$,$\textbf{(D)}$ 是 $2\text{cis}(120)$。
计算每个的$5$次幂的实部:
$\textbf{(A): }(-2)^5=-32$
$\textbf{(B): }32\cos(750)=32\cos(30)=16\sqrt{3}$
$\textbf{(C): }32\cos(675)=32\cos(-45)=16\sqrt{2}$
$\textbf{(D): }32\cos(600)=32\cos(240)<0$
$\textbf{(E): }(2i)^5=32i$,其实部为$0$
因此,答案是$\boxed{\textbf{(B) }{-}\sqrt3+i}$。
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