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AMC12 2015 B

AMC12 2015 B · Q18

AMC12 2015 B · Q18. It mainly tests Primes & prime factorization, Counting divisors.

For every composite positive integer $n$, define $r(n)$ to be the sum of the factors in the prime factorization of $n$. For example, $r(50)=12$ because the prime factorization of 50 is $2\cdot5^{2}$, and $2+5+5=12$. What is the range of the function $r$, $\left\{r(n):n\text{ is a composite positive integer}\right\}$?
对于每个合数 $n$,定义 $r(n)$ 为 $n$ 的质因数分解中各因数的和。例如,$r(50)=12$,因为50的质因数分解为 $2\cdot5^{2}$,且 $2+5+5=12$。函数 $r$ 的值域 $\left\{r(n):n\text{ 是合数}\right\}$ 是多少?
(A) the set of positive integers 所有正整数的集合
(B) the set of composite positive integers 所有合数正整数的集合
(C) the set of even positive integers 所有偶正整数的集合
(D) the set of integers greater than 3 大于 3 的所有整数的集合
(E) the set of integers greater than 4 大于 4 的所有整数的集合
Answer
Correct choice: (D)
正确答案:(D)
Solution
Answer (D): To be composite, a number must have at least two prime factors, and the smallest prime number is 2. Therefore the smallest element in the range of $r$ is $2+2=4$. To see that all integers greater than 3 are in the range, note that $r(2^n)=2n$ for all $n\ge2$, and $r(2^n\cdot3)=2n+3$ for all $n\ge1$.
答案(D):要成为合数,一个数必须至少有两个质因数,而最小的质数是 2。因此,函数 $r$ 的值域中最小的元素是 $2+2=4$。要说明所有大于 3 的整数都在值域中,注意对所有 $n\ge2$,有 $r(2^n)=2n$;并且对所有 $n\ge1$,有 $r(2^n\cdot3)=2n+3$。
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