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AMC12 2009 B

AMC12 2009 B · Q25

AMC12 2009 B · Q25. It mainly tests Combinations, Counting in geometry (lattice points).

The set $G$ is defined by the points $(x,y)$ with integer coordinates, $3\le|x|\le7$, $3\le|y|\le7$. How many squares of side at least $6$ have their four vertices in $G$?
集合 $G$ 由整数坐标点 $(x,y)$ 构成,满足 $3\le|x|\le7$,$3\le|y|\le7$。有多少个边长至少为 $6$ 的正方形,其四个顶点都在 $G$ 中?
stem
(A) 125 125
(B) 150 150
(C) 175 175
(D) 200 200
(E) 225 225
Answer
Correct choice: (E)
正确答案:(E)
Solution
We need to find a reasonably easy way to count the squares. First, obviously the maximum distance between two points in the same quadrant is $4\sqrt 2 < 6$, hence each square has exactly one vertex in each quadrant. Given any square, we can circumscribe another axes-parallel square around it. In the picture below, the original square is red and the circumscribed one is blue. Let's now consider the opposite direction. Assume that we picked the blue square, how many different red squares do share it? Answering this question is not as simple as it may seem. Consider the picture below. It shows all three red squares that share the same blue square. In addition, the picture shows a green square that is not valid, as two of its vertices are in bad locations. The size of the blue square can range from $6\times 6$ to $14\times 14$, and for the intermediate sizes, there is more than one valid placement. We will now examine the cases one after another. Also, we can use symmetry to reduce the number of cases. Summing the last column, we get that the answer is $\boxed{225}$.
我们需要找到一种相对容易的方式来计数这些正方形。 首先,显然同一象限内两点的最大距离为 $4\sqrt 2 < 6$,因此每个正方形在每个象限中恰好有一个顶点。 给定任意一个正方形,我们可以在其外接一个与坐标轴平行的正方形。下图中原正方形为红色,外接正方形为蓝色。 现在反过来考虑:若我们选定了蓝色正方形,有多少个不同的红色正方形与它对应? 回答这个问题并不像看起来那么简单。下图展示了共享同一个蓝色正方形的三个红色正方形;此外还展示了一个不合法的绿色正方形,因为它的两个顶点落在不允许的位置。 蓝色正方形的尺寸可以从 $6\times 6$ 到 $14\times 14$,而在中间的尺寸下,合法的放置不止一种。下面将逐一讨论这些情况,并可用对称性减少分类数。 将最后一列求和,得到答案为 $\boxed{225}$。
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