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AMC12 2009 A

AMC12 2009 A · Q15

AMC12 2009 A · Q15. It mainly tests Sequences & recursion (algebra), Complex numbers (rare).

For what value of $n$ is $i + 2i^2 + 3i^3 + \cdots + ni^n = 48 + 49i$? Note: here $i = \sqrt { - 1}$.
当 $n$ 取何值时,$i + 2i^2 + 3i^3 + \cdots + ni^n = 48 + 49i$? 注:这里 $i = \sqrt { - 1}$。
(A) 24 24
(B) 48 48
(C) 49 49
(D) 97 97
(E) 98 98
Answer
Correct choice: (D)
正确答案:(D)
Solution
We know that $i^x$ cycles every $4$ powers so we group the sum in $4$s. \[i+2i^2+3i^3+4i^4=2-2i\] \[5i^5+6i^6+7i^7+8i^8=2-2i\] We can postulate that every group of $4$ is equal to $2-2i$. For 24 groups we thus, get $48-48i$ as our sum. We know the solution must lie near The next term is the $24*4+1=97$th term. This term is equal to $97i$ (first in a group of $4$ so $i^{97}=i$) and our sum is now $48+49i$ so $n=97\Rightarrow\boxed{\mathbf{D}}$ is our answer
我们知道 $i^x$ 每 $4$ 次幂循环一次,因此将和按每 $4$ 项分组。 \[i+2i^2+3i^3+4i^4=2-2i\] \[5i^5+6i^6+7i^7+8i^8=2-2i\] 可以推断每一组 $4$ 项都等于 $2-2i$。 因此 $24$ 组的和为 $48-48i$。 我们知道解应当在其附近。 下一项是第 $24*4+1=97$ 项。该项等于 $97i$(每组的第一项,所以 $i^{97}=i$),此时总和为 $48+49i$,所以 $n=97\Rightarrow\boxed{\mathbf{D}}$。
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