AMC10 2019 B
AMC10 2019 B · Q23
AMC10 2019 B · Q23. It mainly tests Circle theorems, Coordinate geometry.
Points $A(6,13)$ and $B(12,11)$ lie on a circle $\omega$ in the plane. Suppose that the tangent lines to $\omega$ at $A$ and $B$ intersect at a point on the x-axis. What is the area of $\omega$?
点 $A(6,13)$ 和 $B(12,11)$ 位于平面上的圆 $\omega$ 上。假设 $\omega$ 在 $A$ 和 $B$ 处的切线相交于 x 轴上一点。求 $\omega$ 的面积。
(A)
\frac{83\pi}{8}
\frac{83\pi}{8}
(B)
\frac{21\pi}{2}
\frac{21\pi}{2}
(C)
\frac{85\pi}{8}
\frac{85\pi}{8}
(D)
\frac{43\pi}{4}
\frac{43\pi}{4}
(E)
\frac{87\pi}{8}
\frac{87\pi}{8}
Answer
Correct choice: (C)
正确答案:(C)
Solution
Answer (C): Let $T$ be the point where the tangents at $A$ and $B$ intersect. By symmetry $T$ lies on the perpendicular bisector $\ell$ of $\overline{AB}$, so in fact $T$ is the (unique) intersection point of line $\ell$ with the $x$-axis. Computing the midpoint $M$ of $\overline{AB}$ gives $(9,12)$, and computing the slope of $\overline{AB}$ gives $\frac{13-11}{6-12}=-\frac{1}{3}$. This means that the slope of $\ell$ is $3$, so the equation of $\ell$ is given by $y-12=3(x-9)$. Setting $y=0$ yields that $T=(5,0)$.
Now let $O$ be the center of circle $\omega$. Note that $\overline{OA}\perp\overline{AT}$ and $\overline{OB}\perp\overline{BT}$, so in fact $M$ is the foot of the altitude from $A$ to the hypotenuse of $\triangle OAT$. By the distance formula, $\overline{TM}=4\sqrt{10}$ and $\overline{MA}=\sqrt{10}$. Then by the Altitude on Hypotenuse Theorem, $\overline{MO}=\frac{1}{4}\sqrt{10}$, so by the Pythagorean Theorem radius $\overline{AO}$ of circle $\omega$ is $\frac{1}{4}\sqrt{170}$. As a result, the area of the circle is $\frac{1}{16}\cdot170\cdot\pi=\frac{85\pi}{8}$.
答案(C):设 $T$ 为过 $A$ 与 $B$ 的切线的交点。由对称性,$T$ 在 $\overline{AB}$ 的垂直平分线 $\ell$ 上,因此 $T$ 实际上是直线 $\ell$ 与 $x$ 轴的(唯一)交点。计算 $\overline{AB}$ 的中点 $M$ 得到 $(9,12)$,计算 $\overline{AB}$ 的斜率得 $\frac{13-11}{6-12}=-\frac{1}{3}$。这意味着 $\ell$ 的斜率为 $3$,因此 $\ell$ 的方程为 $y-12=3(x-9)$。令 $y=0$ 得 $T=(5,0)$。
现令 $O$ 为圆 $\omega$ 的圆心。注意到 $\overline{OA}\perp\overline{AT}$ 且 $\overline{OB}\perp\overline{BT}$,因此 $M$ 是从 $A$ 向 $\triangle OAT$ 的斜边所作高的垂足。由距离公式,$\overline{TM}=4\sqrt{10}$ 且 $\overline{MA}=\sqrt{10}$。由“斜边上的高定理”,$\overline{MO}=\frac{1}{4}\sqrt{10}$,再由勾股定理,圆 $\omega$ 的半径 $\overline{AO}$ 为 $\frac{1}{4}\sqrt{170}$。因此圆的面积为 $\frac{1}{16}\cdot170\cdot\pi=\frac{85\pi}{8}$。
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