AMC10 2016 A
AMC10 2016 A · Q20
AMC10 2016 A · Q20. It mainly tests Polynomials, Combinations.
For some particular value of $N$, when $(a+b+c+d+1)^N$ is expanded and like terms are combined, the resulting expression contains exactly $1001$ terms that include all four variables, $a$, $b$, $c$, and $d$, each to some positive power. What is $N$?
对于某个特定的 $N$,当 $(a+b+c+d+1)^N$ 展开并合并同类项后,所得表达式恰好包含 $1001$ 项,这些项都同时含有四个变量 $a,b,c,d$,且它们各自的指数都为正整数。求 $N$。
(A)
9
9
(B)
14
14
(C)
16
16
(D)
17
17
(E)
19
19
Answer
Correct choice: (B)
正确答案:(B)
Solution
Answer (B): If a term contains all four variables $a$, $b$, $c$, and $d$, then it has the form $a^{i+1}b^{j+1}c^{k+1}d^{l+1}1^{m}$ for some nonnegative integers $i$, $j$, $k$, $l$, and $m$ such that $(i+1)+(j+1)+(k+1)+(l+1)+m=N$ or $i+j+k+l+m=N-4$. The number of terms can be counted using the stars and bars technique. The number of linear arrangements of $N-4$ stars and 4 bars corresponds to the number of possible values of $i$, $j$, $k$, $l$, and $m$. Namely, in each arrangement the bars separate the stars into five groups (some of them can be empty) whose sizes are the values of $i$, $j$, $k$, $l$, and $m$. There are
$$\binom{N-4+4}{4}=\binom{N}{4}=\frac{N(N-1)(N-2)(N-3)}{4\cdot3\cdot2\cdot1}=1001=7\cdot11\cdot13$$
such arrangements. So $N(N-1)(N-2)(N-3)=4\cdot3\cdot2\cdot7\cdot11\cdot13=14\cdot13\cdot12\cdot11$. Thus the answer is $N=14$.
答案(B):如果一个项包含全部四个变量 $a$、$b$、$c$ 和 $d$,那么它的形式为 $a^{i+1}b^{j+1}c^{k+1}d^{l+1}1^{m}$,其中 $i$、$j$、$k$、$l$、$m$ 为某些非负整数,并满足 $(i+1)+(j+1)+(k+1)+(l+1)+m=N$,即 $i+j+k+l+m=N-4$。项的个数可以用“插板法”(stars and bars)来计数。将 $N-4$ 个星号与 4 个隔板做线性排列,其数量对应于 $i$、$j$、$k$、$l$、$m$ 的所有可能取值数。具体地,在每一种排列中,隔板把星号分成五组(其中一些组可以为空),各组的大小分别就是 $i$、$j$、$k$、$l$、$m$ 的值。这样的排列共有
$$\binom{N-4+4}{4}=\binom{N}{4}=\frac{N(N-1)(N-2)(N-3)}{4\cdot3\cdot2\cdot1}=1001=7\cdot11\cdot13$$
种。因此 $N(N-1)(N-2)(N-3)=4\cdot3\cdot2\cdot7\cdot11\cdot13=14\cdot13\cdot12\cdot11$。所以答案是 $N=14$。
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