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AMC10 2007 B

AMC10 2007 B · Q25

AMC10 2007 B · Q25. It mainly tests Quadratic equations, Rational expressions.

How many pairs of positive integers $(a, b)$ are there such that $a$ and $b$ have no common factors greater than 1 and $\frac{a}{b} + \frac{14b}{9a}$ is an integer?
有多少对正整数对 $(a, b)$ 使得 $a$ 和 $b$ 没有大于 1 的公因数,且 $\frac{a}{b} + \frac{14b}{9a}$ 是整数?
(A) 4 4
(B) 6 6
(C) 9 9
(D) 12 12
(E) infinitely many 无数多
Answer
Correct choice: (A)
正确答案:(A)
Solution
Answer (A): Let $u=a/b$. Then the problem is equivalent to finding all positive rational numbers $u$ such that \[ u+\frac{14}{9u}=k \] for some integer $k$. This equation is equivalent to $9u^2-9uk+14=0$, whose solutions are \[ u=\frac{9k\pm\sqrt{81k^2-504}}{18}=\frac{k}{2}\pm\frac{1}{6}\sqrt{9k^2-56}. \] Hence $u$ is rational if and only if $\sqrt{9k^2-56}$ is rational, which is true if and only if $9k^2-56$ is a perfect square. Suppose that $9k^2-56=s^2$ for some positive integer $s$. Then $(3k-s)(3k+s)=56$. The only factors of 56 are 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, and 56, so $(3k-s,3k+s)$ is one of the ordered pairs $(1,56)$, $(2,28)$, $(4,14)$, or $(7,8)$. The cases $(1,56)$ and $(7,8)$ yield no integer solutions. The cases $(2,28)$ and $(4,14)$ yield $k=5$ and $k=3$, respectively. If $k=5$, then $u=1/3$ or $u=14/3$. If $k=3$, then $u=2/3$ or $u=7/3$. Therefore there are four pairs $(a,b)$ that satisfy the given conditions, namely $(1,3)$, $(2,3)$, $(7,3)$, and $(14,3)$.
答案(A):令 $u=a/b$。则问题等价于求所有正有理数 $u$,使得 \[ u+\frac{14}{9u}=k \] 对某个整数 $k$ 成立。该方程等价于 $9u^2-9uk+14=0$,其解为 \[ u=\frac{9k\pm\sqrt{81k^2-504}}{18}=\frac{k}{2}\pm\frac{1}{6}\sqrt{9k^2-56}. \] 因此,$u$ 为有理数当且仅当 $\sqrt{9k^2-56}$ 为有理数;这当且仅当 $9k^2-56$ 是完全平方数。设对某个正整数 $s$ 有 $9k^2-56=s^2$。则 $(3k-s)(3k+s)=56$。56 的因子只有 1、2、4、7、8、14、28、56,所以有序对 $(3k-s,3k+s)$ 只能是 $(1,56)$、$(2,28)$、$(4,14)$ 或 $(7,8)$。其中 $(1,56)$ 与 $(7,8)$ 不产生整数解;$(2,28)$ 与 $(4,14)$ 分别得到 $k=5$ 与 $k=3$。当 $k=5$ 时,$u=1/3$ 或 $u=14/3$;当 $k=3$ 时,$u=2/3$ 或 $u=7/3$。因此满足条件的 $(a,b)$ 共有四对,分别为 $(1,3)$、$(2,3)$、$(7,3)$、$(14,3)$。
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