AMC10 2005 A
AMC10 2005 A · Q24
AMC10 2005 A · Q24. It mainly tests Primes & prime factorization, Perfect squares & cubes.
For each positive integer $m > 1$, let $P(m)$ denote the greatest prime factor of $m$. For how many positive integers $n$ is it true that both $P(n) = \sqrt{n}$ and $P(n + 48) = \sqrt{n} + 48$?
对于每个正整数$m > 1$,令$P(m)$表示$m$的最大质因数。有且仅有几个正整数$n$满足$P(n) = \sqrt{n}$且$P(n + 48) = \sqrt{n} + 48$?
(A)
0
0
(B)
1
1
(C)
3
3
(D)
4
4
(E)
5
5
Answer
Correct choice: (B)
正确答案:(B)
Solution
(B) The conditions imply that both $n$ and $n+48$ are squares of primes. So for each successful value of $n$ we have primes $p$ and $q$ with $p^2=n+48$ and $q^2=n$, and
$48=p^2-q^2=(p+q)(p-q).$
The pairs of factors of $48$ are
$48$ and $1,\quad 24$ and $2,\quad 16$ and $3,\quad 12$ and $4,\quad \text{and}\ 8\ \text{and}\ 6.$
These give pairs $(p,q)$, respectively, of
$\left(\frac{49}{2},\frac{47}{2}\right),\ (13,11),\ \left(\frac{19}{2},\frac{13}{2}\right),\ (8,4),\ \text{and}\ (7,1).$
Only $(p,q)=(13,11)$ gives prime values for $p$ and for $q$, with $n=11^2=121$ and $n+48=13^2=169.$
(B)这些条件意味着 $n$ 和 $n+48$ 都是某些素数的平方。因此,对每一个满足条件的 $n$,存在素数 $p$ 和 $q$ 使得 $p^2=n+48$ 且 $q^2=n$,并且
$48=p^2-q^2=(p+q)(p-q).$
$48$ 的因数对为
$48$ 和 $1,\quad 24$ 和 $2,\quad 16$ 和 $3,\quad 12$ 和 $4,\quad \text{以及}\ 8\ \text{和}\ 6.$
它们分别给出 $(p,q)$ 为
$\left(\frac{49}{2},\frac{47}{2}\right),\ (13,11),\ \left(\frac{19}{2},\frac{13}{2}\right),\ (8,4),\ \text{以及}\ (7,1).$
只有 $(p,q)=(13,11)$ 能使 $p$ 和 $q$ 都为素数,此时 $n=11^2=121$,且 $n+48=13^2=169.$
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